In a method and apparatus, a property of an optically diffuse medium including a first optical absorber having a first concentration and a second optical absorber having a second concentration is determined. A surface area of the medium is imaged at multiple wavelengths around an isosbestic wavelength of the first absorber and the second absorber. A reflectance spectrum of the medium at the surface area at the multiple wavelengths is determined. A derivative of the determined reflectance spectrum around the isosbestic wavelength is determined. From the derivative, a concentration ratio of the first concentration and the second concentration is estimated.

A blood coagulation analyzer and analyzing method perform following: (a) preparing a measurement specimen by dispensing a blood specimen and a reagent into a reaction container; (b) emitting light of a plurality of wavelengths to the measurement specimen in the reaction container, the wavelengths comprising a first wavelength for use in a measurement by a blood coagulation time method, and at least one of a second wavelength for use in a measurement by a synthetic substrate method and a third wavelength for use in a measurement by an immunoturbidimetric method; (c) detecting light of a plurality of wavelengths corresponding to the light emitted in (b), from the measurement specimen, by a light receiving element, and acquiring data corresponding to each wavelength; and (d) conducting an analysis based on the data corresponding to one of the wavelengths among the acquired data, and acquiring a result of the analysis.

The invention relates to a method for determining concentrations of absorbing gases by means of a spectroscopic measuring device, wherein wavelength-dependent measurement values for a light intensity are obtained and a wavelength-dependent measurement value function is represented based on these values. A wavelength-dependent theoretical function is defined, which includes as parameters a calibration parameter and the concentrations. The calibration parameter is defined as a function of a device parameter and a correction parameter that depends on the concentrations. A cycle comprising a sequence of steps is performed several times in a row, wherein in a first step a numerical value for the correction factor is calculated from stipulated assumed values of the concentrations, wherein in a second step the theoretical function is determined using the calculated numerical value, wherein in a third step values for the concentrations are obtained by a curve adjustment calculation between the theoretical function determined in the second step and the measurement value functions and are stipulated as new assumed values. The assumed values obtained in the third step of the last cycle are output as new measured values.

A metamaterial pixel providing an electromagnetic emitter and/or en electromagnetic detector operating within a limited bandwidth. The metamaterial pixel is comprised of plasmonic elements arranged within a periodic photonic crystal array providing an electromagnetic emitter and/or an electromagnetic detector adapted in embodiments for operation at selected bandwidths within the wavelength range of visible out to a millimeter. Performance of the pixel in applications is enhanced with nanowires structured to enhance phononic scattering providing a reduction in thermal conductivity. In embodiments multiple pixels are adapted to provide a spectrometer for analyzing thermal radiation or electromagnetic reflection from a remote media. In other embodiments emitter and detector pixels are adapted to provide an absorptive spectrophotometer. In other embodiments one or more of metamaterial pixels are adapted as the transmitter and/or receiver within a communication system. In a preferred embodiment the pixel is fabricated using a silicon SOI starting wafer.

A method for analysing a sample uses a resonant support having a surface on which a plurality of separated photonic crystals extends. At least two crystals are configured to capture the same analyte. A resonance wavelength associated with each crystal varies with an amount of analyte in contact with the crystal. The wavelengths define a resonance spectral band between 200-1500 nm. The transmission/reflection of the light is maximum at an associated resonance wavelength. The method includes: illuminating the support in the resonance spectral band, the intensity of the lamination being variable in band; acquiring a measurement image using an image sensor, the image having different regions-of-interest each optically coupled to a photonic crystal; using a reference image representative of an image acquired by the image sensor, when the support is illuminated in the resonance spectral band in a reference configuration; and comparing the measurement image with the reference image.

This N.sub.2O analysis device is provided with: a light source (11) which radiates laser light onto an exhaust gas (5) containing N.sub.2O, H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2; a light receiver (13) which receives the laser light that has been radiated onto the exhaust gas (5); a light source control unit (14a) of a control device (14), which controls the wavelength of the laser light radiated by the light source (11) to between 3.84 m and 4.00 m; and a signal analyzing unit (14b) of the control device (14), which calculates the N.sub.2O concentration by means of infrared spectroscopy, using the laser light received by the light receiver (13) and the laser light controlled by the light source control unit (14a) of the control device (14).

Optical measuring system for determining polarization-optical properties of a sample, which comprises a polarization state generator (PSG) which is configured for preparing a measuring light which is propagating along an analysis beam path with a defined polarization state; a sample receptacle which is arranged downstream of the PSG in the analysis beam path and which is adapted for receiving the sample; a polarization state analyzer (PSA) which is arranged downstream of the sample receptacle in the analysis beam path; a detector which is arranged downstream of the PSA in the analysis beam path for detecting the measuring light, wherein the PSA and the detector are configured for capturing a polarization rotation .sub.P(.sub.eff) of the measuring light which is caused by the sample; and an evaluation and control unit for evaluating measuring signals from the detector and/or PSA and/or PSG, wherein a wavelength-spectrum of the measuring light contains at least a first wavelength .sub.1 and a second wavelength .sub.2, wherein the detector is configured for detecting measuring light with the first wavelength separated from measuring light with the second wavelength, and wherein the evaluation and control unit is configured for calculating a polarization rotation .sub.P(.sub.0) of the measuring light which is caused by the sample at a standardized wavelength .sub.0 in dependency from (a) a first polarization rotation .sub.P(.sub.1) at the first wavelength .sub.1, (b) a second polarization rotation .sub.P(.sub.2) at the second wavelength .sub.2, (c) a first transmission T(.sub.1) at the first wavelength .sub.1, and (d) a second transmission T(.sub.2) at the second wavelength .sub.2.

Apparatus and methods for hyperspectral imaging analysis that assists in real and near-real time assessment of biological tissue condition, viability, and type, and monitoring the above overtime. Embodiments of the invention are particularly useful in surgery, clinical procedures, tissue assessment, diagnostic procedures, health monitoring, and medical evaluations, especially in the detection and treatment of cancer.

A system and method are disclosed for configuring an integrated computational element (ICE) to measure a property of a sample of interest. The system includes an illumination source to provide a sample light which is reflected from or transmitted through a sample. A dispersive element disperses the sample light into wavelength portions. An intensity modulation device having an array of electronically controllable modulation elements is disclosed that forms a pattern which modulates the dispersed sample light. Collection optics focuses the modulated sample light on a detector, which generates a signal that correlates to a property of the sample. The electronically controllable modulation elements can be readily altered to conform to a different measurable property of a sample of interest as desired.

A spectroscopic analysis apparatus comprises a multi-chamber cuvette for fluid or gas analysis, wherein the multi-chamber cuvette comprises at least two measurement chambers into which fluid or gas can be introduced for analysis, wherein the at least two measurement chambers are optically separated from one another, wherein an illumination device is provided to generate light and to couple the light into the at least one first and second measurement chamber, and wherein a detection device is provided to measure an intensity of the light radiated by the fluid or gas in the first measurement chamber for a first wavelength and to generate a first measurement result and to measure an intensity of the light radiated by the fluid or gas in the second measurement chamber for a second wavelength and to generate a second measurement result, wherein the first wavelength and the second wavelength are different.