A transmissometer and method for determining a transmissivity of an atmosphere within a chamber. A chamber contains the atmosphere. A light source generates a test beam and a light detector detects the test beam. A periscope is movable between a first position which allows the test beam to pass through the atmosphere in the chamber and into the light detector and a second position in which the test beam is deflected to pass into the light detector without passing through the atmosphere in the chamber. A processor determines the transmissivity of the atmosphere from a transmissivity measurement for the test beam obtained by the light detector when the periscope is in the first position and a transfer standard obtained at the light detector when the periscope is in the second position.

Hydrocarbon condensate detection and control. The hydrocarbon condensate detection and control system includes detecting hydrocarbon in an aqueous mixture by sensing fluorescence, turbidity, and color of the aqueous mixture and controlling the flow of the aqueous mixture based on the hydrocarbon content of the aqueous mixture.

A smoke detector includes a laser light source to provide incident light. The smoke detector also includes a Fabry-Perot etalon to transmit some incoming light, which is produced from the incident light, as transmitted light. Smoke particles in a cavity of the Fabry-Perot etalon affect an intensity of one or more wavelengths of the transmitted light.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, that generate from a first pair and a second pair of images of livestock that are within an enclosure and that are taken at different times using a stereoscopic camera, at least two distance distributions of the aquatic livestock within the enclosure. The distance distributions can be used to determine a measure associated with an optical property of the water within the enclosure. A signal associated with the measure can be provided.

A receiver comprises: optical signal distributing means for distributing an optical signal transmitted to detect a detection target on a traveling path to two or more paths; a detection unit configured to detect a received light intensity of the optical signal at a first position where the received light intensity increases when the optical axis is shifted and at a second position where the received light intensity decreases; an intensity ratio calculation unit configured to calculate a ratio between the received light intensity at the first position and the second position based on the output of the detection unit; and a determination unit configured to determine whether or not there is an optical axis shift based on a change in the ratio of the received light intensity calculated by the intensity ratio calculation unit.

A debris detection system includes a chamber configured to permit particles to pass through the chamber; an optical fiber or fiber optic cable providing a light path; a collimator configured to channel light from the light path into the chamber; and a reflector configured to reflect light back to the collimator for signal detection. In embodiments, the reflector may include a mirror. Methods for detecting particles and information and/or parameters associated with particles, including that associated with reflected light, are disclosed.

A receiver (10) according to the present disclosure includes: a detection unit (11) including a sensor configured to receive a first optical signal of a wavelength included in an absorption band of water molecules and a second optical signal of a wavelength included in an absorption band of carbon dioxide molecules, a signal processing unit (12) configured to calculate a water vapor concentration and a carbon dioxide concentration from changes of intensities of the first and second optical signals, and a determination unit (13) configured to determine whether or not there is a fire that is caused by alcohol combustion based on the water vapor concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration.

This invention relates to an optical system and method for performing turbidity assay, e.g. coagulation of blood or plasma, comprising a standard optical reference, a sample handling structure, a light source and an optical detection unit. The standard optical reference, such as a fluorophore-doped glass, provides constant optical signal under controlled optical conditions. The sample handling structure, such as a microfluidic system with reaction chamber, can be placed beneath or above the standard optical reference. During operation, the coagulating plasma/blood changes its optical absorbance and reflection properties, which results in changes in optical signal that reaches the optical reading unit. The variation of the optical signal, such as fluorescence signal indicates the kinetics of the turbidity varying process, such as plasma/blood coagulation process. This invention is used for performing turbidity assay with optical system, including photometry system, fluorescence system, Raman Spectroscopy system and so on.

Gain independent reference channel measurement system and method. A method of making robust, stable measurements, in a variety of different applications is disclosed. More specifically, this disclosure describes systems and methods relating to performing gain independent reference channel measurements by making two phase measurements of a device under test. Mathematically, the measurements are combined and many common mode parameters drop out. The result yields an analysis of a device under test analysis which mitigated errors, predominately arising from environmental variations and changes in circuit behavior stemming from swings in signal input.

A turbidity sensor for a water-bearing domestic appliance includes a sensor housing having a housing main part and two housing projections protruding from the housing main part side by side and at a distance from one another, where the two housing projections delimit between them a measuring channel for a liquid to be measured. One of the housing projections emits a measuring light beam along a measuring path which runs transversely through the measuring channel to the other housing projection. The measuring path crosses the measuring channel in the channel longitudinal direction remote from a point of smallest channel width of the measuring channel or the measuring channel has a constriction at a longitudinal distance from its longitudinal midpoint, at which constriction the channel width is smaller than in a region of a longitudinal midpoint.