Methods and systems for highly-sensitive label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing, and diagnostic assay are disclosed. The systems comprise an on-chip integrated two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip. The invention provides modulation methods, wavelength modulation and intensity modulation, to monitor the resonance mode shift of the photonic crystal microarray device and further provides methods and systems that enable detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously with one two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor chip device for high throughput chemical sensing, biosensing, and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Apparatus and methods for analyzing single molecule and performing nucleic acid sequencing. An apparatus can include an assay chip that includes multiple pixels with sample wells configured to receive a sample, which, when excited, emits emission energy; at least one element for directing the emission energy in a particular direction; and a light path along which the emission energy travels from the sample well toward a sensor. The apparatus also includes an instrument that interfaces with the assay chip. The instrument includes an excitation light source for exciting the sample in each sample well; a plurality of sensors corresponding the sample wells. Each sensor may detect emission energy from a sample in a respective sample well. The instrument includes at least one optical element that directs the emission energy from each sample well towards a respective sensor of the plurality of sensors.

Provided is a nanoplasmonic sensor and a kit for biomolecule analysis, and a method of analyzing a biomolecule using the same. The method includes: providing the nanoplasmonic sensor including a dielectric grating extending in one direction, and a metal structure disposed to cover an upper surface and a side surface of the dielectric grating and have at least one bent portion; immobilizing a first probe molecule on a surface of the metal structure; hybridizing an analyte with the first probe molecule by introducing the analyte having a base sequence complementary to the first probe molecule; binding a second probe molecule that is hybridized with the first probe molecule to the analyte; binding an enzyme to the second probe molecule; introducing a substrate that reacts with the enzyme to produce a precipitate by an enzymatic reaction; and measuring localized surface plasmon resonance in the metal structure.

Under one aspect, a device is provided for use in luminescent imaging. The device can include a photonic superlattice including a first material, the first material having a first refractive index. The first material can include first and second major surfaces and first and second pluralities of features defined through at least one of the first and second major surfaces, the features of the first plurality differing in at least one characteristic from the features of the second plurality. The photonic superlattice can support propagation of a first wavelength and a second wavelength approximately at a first angle out of the photonic superlattice, the first and second wavelengths being separated from one another by a first non-propagating wavelength that does not selectively propagate at the first angle out of the photonic superlattice.

Apparatus and methods for analyzing single molecule and performing nucleic acid sequencing. An apparatus can include an assay chip that includes multiple pixels with sample wells configured to receive a sample, which, when excited, emits emission energy; at least one element for directing the emission energy in a particular direction; and a light path along which the emission energy travels from the sample well toward a sensor. The apparatus also includes an instrument that interfaces with the assay chip. The instrument includes an excitation light source for exciting the sample in each sample well; a plurality of sensors corresponding the sample wells. Each sensor may detect emission energy from a sample in a respective sample well. The instrument includes at least one optical element that directs the emission energy from each sample well towards a respective sensor of the plurality of sensors.

Disclosed herein are optical sensor platform(s) employing hyperbolic metamaterial(s) supporting highly confined bulk plasmon guided modes over broad wavelength range(s) from visible to near-infrared. By exciting these modes usingfor examplea two-dimensional (2D) grating-coupling technique, sensors according to the present disclosure advantageously exhibit extreme sensitivity modes up to a maximum of 30,000 nm per refractive index unit and a record figure of merit of 590 thereby permitting detection of ultralow-molecular-weight bio-molecules at picomolar concentrations.

Disclosed herein is an artificial transmembrane protein for use in a biomolecular detection device for detecting intracellular or intravesicular biomolecular interactions, the artificial transmembrane protein having an extracellular or extravesicular binder structure, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and an intracellular or intravesicular domain with an intracellular or intravesicular receptor structure, wherein the receptor structure is configured to interact with an intracellular or intravesicular component of the biomolecular interaction to be detected and wherein the extracellular or extravesicular binder structure is configured to bind to membrane recognition elements arranged along a plurality of predetermined lines of the biomolecular detection device.

A device for use in the detection of binding affinities comprises a substrate, a planar waveguide arranged thereon and having an outer surface. The device further comprises a grating for coupling coherent light of a predetermined wavelength into the planar waveguide such that the coherent light coupled into the planar waveguide propagates through the planar waveguide in a predetermined propagation direction. An evanescent field of the coherent light propagates along the outer surface of the planar waveguide. The outer surface of the planar waveguide has receptor molecules arranged thereon capable of binding target samples to the receptor molecules such that light of the evanescent field is diffracted by the target samples bound to the receptor molecules. The receptor molecules are arranged along a plurality of straight parallel lines such that a portion of the light of the evanescent field is diffracted by the target samples bound to the receptor molecules.

A pyrogenicity test method and assay of endotoxins allows for rapid and ultrahigh sensitivity testing of parenteral pharmaceuticals or medical devices that contact blood or cerebrospinal fluid by employing a Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay monitored with a photonic-crystal biosensor. The photonic-crystal biosensor is capable of determining the presence of endotoxins in a test sample by detecting shifts in the resonant condition of an open microcavity affected by the changes in the refractive index of the analyte solutions used.

Under one aspect, a device is provided for use in luminescent imaging. The device can include a photonic superlattice including a first material, the first material having a first refractive index. The first material can include first and second major surfaces and first and second pluralities of features defined through at least one of the first and second major surfaces, the features of the first plurality differing in at least one characteristic from the features of the second plurality. The photonic superlattice can support propagation of a first wavelength and a second wavelength approximately at a first angle out of the photonic superlattice, the first and second wavelengths being separated from one another by a first non-propagating wavelength that does not selectively propagate at the first angle out of the photonic superlattice.