The present invention discloses a Lung condition monitoring device for performing ultrafast detection of humidity level in exhaled air while breathing out and therefrom detect condition of the human lungs in real time. The Lung 5 condition monitoring device comprises a mouthpiece for forcibly exhaling air there through, one or more humidity sensor to measure the variable electrical resistance based on level of adsorption of water molecules thereon of the humidity content of exhaled air and real time monitoring unit operatively connected to said humidity sensor and having correlating means for correlating 10 the change in humidity level and related variation in the electrical resistance due to exhalation to peak flow rate of the exhaled air for monitoring lung condition. The Lung condition monitoring device is also capable of wireless data transfer to any peripheral computing device such as mobile phone via wireless connectivity and show the test results on the mobile phone display with the help of a 15 proprietary application embodied in the phones operating system. The mobile interface increases the portability, data monitoring, and user friendliness of the device. Further, the mobile interface helps in storage and analysis of big time data for prognosis, diagnosis, and therapeutic purposes.

A sulfonated nanocellulose or sulfonated cellulose may be synthesized. A polyaniline emeraldine may be doped with the sulfonated nanocellulose or sulfonated cellulose to form a sulfonated nanocellulose-doped polyaniline or a sulfonated cellulose-doped polyaniline.

A substrate suitable for incorporation into an absorbent article for automatic detection of wetness events therein, the substrate comprising a first surface capable of being arranged proximal to a body facing side of the absorbent article and a second surface opposite said first surface and capable of being arranged proximal to a garment facing side of said absorbent article, said substrate comprising a plurality of sensor tracks disposed on said first surface and said sensor tracks comprising: at least one central track extending parallel to a length of the substrate and parallel to a longitudinal axis crossing a first end and a second end of the substrate; at least two side tracks extending parallel to the central track and oppositely arranged such that the central track extends therebetween; and wetness sensing tracks extending outboard of said two side tracks, wherein said central track, said side tracks, and said wetness sensing tracks are in electrical communication via one or more shortening elements positioned proximal to said second end and distal from said first end, and wherein the substrate is connectable to a clip-on data processing module at a position proximal to said first end and distal from said shortening elements such to form a closed electrical circuit, typically for measuring resistance and/or capacitance therethrough. In an embodiment said substrate consists of a liquid impermeable backsheet, preferably a breathable liquid impermeable backsheet.

A method of forming an acid-doped polyaniline (emeraldine salt) (PANi-ES) solution including steps of: (i) mixing polyaniline (emeraldine base) (PANi-EB) with a PANi-EB solvent and a gel-inhibitor to form a gel-inhibited PANi-EB solution; (ii) removing the gel-inhibitor from the gel-inhibited PANi-EB solution to form a PANi-EB solution; and (iii) adding an acid dopant to the PANi-EB solution to form a PANi-ES solution.

Numerous embodiments of a bubble detection apparatus and method are disclosed. In one embodiment, a bubble detection module is placed into a liquid to be monitored. The module comprises a physical structure housing a nanowire sensing element. The liquid flows through the physical structure. An electric bias is placed across the nanowire sensing element, and the resistance of the nanowire sensing element changes when a bubble is in contact with the element. A change in voltage or current of the bias signal can be measured to identify the exact instances when a bubble is in contact with the nanowire sensing element.

A gas sensor comprises a basic part and a sensing layer deposited on the basic part. The basic part includes a circuit board and at least one surface acoustic wave element disposed on the circuit board. The sensing layer is a nanocomposite film of reduced graphene oxide/tungsten oxide/polypyrrole deposited on the surface acoustic wave element. The sensing layer combines reduced graphene oxide, metal oxide, and conductive polymer, so that the sensing layer is able to perform sensing at room temperature, and can be more sensitive. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a gas sensor, and a gas sensing system including the gas sensor.

Ultrasensitive, decoupled thermodynamic sensing platforms for the molecular-level detection of target analytes are disclosed, wherein the sensors have a heating resistor decoupled from a sensing resistor. Embodiments of the decoupled sensor comprise a metallic microheater resistor on one side of substrate, and a sensor resistor coupled to a catalyst on the other side of the substrate. A sensor array may be provided including a plurality of sensors each having a different catalyst that, when exposed to an analyte, each experience an endothermic reaction, an exothermic reaction, or no reaction. A comparison of the reaction results to data comprising previously obtained reaction results may be used to determine the presence and the identity of the analyte. Advantageously, the decoupled sensors utilize less power and provide greater sensitivity than other-known systems, and may be used to detect and identify a single molecule of an analyte.

Disclosed herein are methods of producing metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes. The methods include forming a reaction mixture by combining a first solution with a second solution, wherein the first solution comprises polymer-coated metal nanoparticles comprising metallic nanoparticles coated with a polymer, and wherein the second solution comprises carbon nanotubes. The methods also include heating the reaction mixture to a temperature greater than a glass transition temperature of the polymer for a time sufficient to cause the polymer-coated metal nanoparticles to bind to the carbon nanotubes forming the metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes.

A gas sensor includes: a substrate; a first conductor and a second conductor that are disposed on the substrate; an insulating layer; and an adsorbent layer. The insulating layer covers the first conductor and the second conductor, and has a first opening that allows a part of a surface of the first conductor to be exposed therethrough and a second opening that allows a part of a surface of the second conductor to be exposed therethrough. The adsorbent layer contains a conductive material and an organic adsorbent that can adsorb a gas. The adsorbent layer is in contact with the first conductor and the second conductor respectively through the first opening and the second opening.

A sensor for detecting non-hazardous and especially hazardous gases and/or vapors comprises a liquid crystal cell generally having a standard substrate and a conductive electrode layer thereon. An alignment layer is desirably located on the electrode layer and contains one or more types of metal nanoparticles that cover at least a portion of the alignment layer. The nanoparticles contain at least one type of ligand thereon that is capable of sensing a specific type of non-hazardous or hazardous gas. The sensor is very sensitive and can detect the gases or vapors contained within air, or the like, up to 1 part per million.