Disclosed is a gas sensor. The gas sensor comprises: a substrate; a thermoelectric layer which is disposed on the substrate and has a metal nanowire; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed to be spaced apart from each other on the thermoelectric layer; and a catalyst layer which is disposed on the first electrode and has a composite structure in which a metal particle is bonded to a carbon structure.

A gas sensor includes a sensor element, and the sensor element includes a bottomed tubular solid electrolyte, a detection electrode provided on an outer surface of the solid electrolyte, a reference electrode provided on an inner surface of the solid electrolyte. The detection electrode of the sensor element includes a detection electrode section provided at a position on a tip side of an axial direction, an attachment electrode section provided at a position on a base end side of the axial direction, and a lead electrode section provided at a position where the detection electrode section is connected to the attachment electrode section. An insulating layer is provided between a tube of the solid electrolyte and each of the attachment electrode section and the lead electrode section.

Various cell analysis systems of the present teachings can measure the electrical and metabolic activity of single, living cells with subcellular addressability and simultaneous data acquisition for between about 10 cells to about 500,000 cells in a single analysis. Various sensor array devices of the present teachings can have sensor arrays with between 20 million to 660 million ChemFET sensors built into a massively paralleled array and can provide for simultaneous measurement of cells with data acquisition rates in the kilohertz (kHz) range. As various ChemFET sensor arrays of the present teachings can detect chemical analytes as well detect changes in cell membrane potential, various cell analysis systems of the present teachings also provide for the controlled chemical and electrical interrogation of cells.

A thermochemical sensor is provided. The thermochemical sensor comprises: a substrate structure comprising a thermoelectric surface having concave portions and convex portions; a base fiber disposed on the thermoelectric surface of the substrate structure; and a catalyst layer that conformally covers the thermoelectric surface of the substrate structure and the base fiber.

A gas sensor element includes a solid electrolyte having oxygen-ion conductivity, a first electrode film located on one side of the solid electrolyte, a second electrode film located on the other side of the solid electrolyte. At least one of the first electrode film and the second electrode film includes noble metal particles, solid electrolyte particles having oxygen-ion conductivity, and pores, and a capacitance in the electrode film is 80 μF or less. A gas sensor includes the gas sensor element.

The first electrochemical oxygen sensor includes: a positive/negative electrode; and an electrolyte solution, the electrochemical oxygen sensor further including: a separation membrane for limiting an amount of oxygen supplied to the positive electrode, and a resistance element for connecting the positive electrode and the negative electrode. In one embodiment, a value of current flowing through the resistance element is 7 μA or more in an atmosphere of 50% relative humidity at 25° C. and 1 atm, and a resistance value of the resistance element is set at 1050 Ω or less. In another embodiment, a value of current flowing through the resistance element is 4 μA or more in an atmosphere of 50% relative humidity at 25° C. and 1 atm, and a resistance value of the resistance element is set so that the output voltage between both ends of the resistance element falls within a range from 4 to 9.5 mV.

The present invention provides methods and devices for detecting and distinguishing various types of gas molecules or volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the methods and devices have enhanced sensing ability; namely response magnitude, sensitivity, detection limit and selectivity (i.e., classification capability). In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods and devices for diagnosing a disease in a subject or a health status of a subject through the detection of VOCs indicative of the disease or health status in question from breath of the subject. In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods and devices for detecting the existence of lung cancer or the stage of lung cancer in a subject through the detection of VOCs indicative of the existence of lung cancer from breath of the subject.

A hydrogen gas sensor with a substrate and a zinc oxide nanostructured thin film deposited on the substrate, wherein the zinc oxide nanostructured thin film has a lattice structure with a weight ratio of low binding energy O.sup.2− ions to medium binding energy oxygen vacancies in a range of 0.1 to 1.0, and a method of fabricating a gas sensor by thermally oxidizing a metal thin film under low oxygen partial pressure. Various combinations of embodiments of the hydrogen gas sensor and the method of fabricating the gas sensor are provided.

A sensor element for detecting a specific gas concentration in a measurement-object gas, the sensor element includes; an elongate element body that includes a solid electrolyte layer and has a shape including at least one side surface extending in a longitudinal direction; a dense layer that is disposed on the side surface; and an intermediate layer disposed at least between the dense layer and the element body, wherein, when thermal expansion coefficients of the solid electrolyte layer, the dense layer, and the intermediate layer in a temperature range of from 20° C. to 1360° C. are denoted by thermal expansion coefficients Ea, Eb, and Ec, respectively, a ratio Ea/Eb is more than 1.0 and 5.0 or less, and Ea>Ec>Eb is satisfied.

A NOx sensor is provided which decreases a change rate of an oxygen ion current in a sensor electrode and shortens an activation time of the sensor electrode. The NOx sensor is equipped with a solid electrolyte body, a pump electrode working to regulate an oxygen concentration in measurement gas G, and a sensor electrode working to measure the concentration of NOx in the measurement gas G. A metallic component of the sensor electrode is a Pt—Rh alloy. The mass ratio of Pt to Rh in the whole of the sensor electrode is Pt:Rh=70:30 to 35:65. The percentage of Rh in the Pt—Rh alloy in a surface layer of the sensor electrode is higher than that in the whole of the sensor electrode by an atomic composition percentage of 4 to 10 atom %.