In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a molecular electronics sensor array chip comprises: (a) an integrated circuit semiconductor chip; and (b) a plurality of molecular electronic sensor devices disposed thereon, each of said sensor devices comprising: (i) a pair of nanoscale source and drain electrodes separated by a nanogap; (ii) a gate electrode; and (iii) a bridge and/or probe molecule spanning the nanogap and connecting the source and drain electrodes, wherein the molecular electronic sensor devices are organized into an electronically addressable, controllable, and readable array of sensor pixels.

A gas sensor includes a sensor element, an elastic insulating member, a plurality of lead wires, a plurality of metal terminals, and a ceramic housing. The plurality of lead wires are inserted in the elastic insulating member. The plurality of metal terminals each have a first end electrically connected to the sensor element, and a second end electrically connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of lead wires. The ceramic housing includes a plurality of insertion portions each including a through hole in which a corresponding one of the plurality of metal terminals is inserted, and at least one of the plurality of insertion portions has a different height from other insertion portions.

A gas sensor includes a sensor element, an elastic insulating member, a plurality of lead wires, a plurality of metal terminals, and a ceramic housing. The plurality of lead wires are inserted in the elastic insulating member. The plurality of metal terminals each have a first end electrically connected to the sensor element, and a second end electrically connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of lead wires. The ceramic housing includes a plurality of insertion portions each including a through hole in which a corresponding one of the plurality of metal terminals is inserted, and at least one of the plurality of insertion portions has a different height from other insertion portions.

A NOx sensor is provided which decreases a change rate of an oxygen ion current in a sensor electrode and shortens an activation time of the sensor electrode. The NOx sensor is equipped with a solid electrolyte body, a pump electrode working to regulate an oxygen concentration in measurement gas G, and a sensor electrode working to measure the concentration of NOx in the measurement gas G. A metallic component of the sensor electrode is a Pt—Rh alloy. The mass ratio of Pt to Rh in the whole of the sensor electrode is Pt:Rh=70:30 to 35:65. The percentage of Rh in the Pt—Rh alloy in a surface layer of the sensor electrode is higher than that in the whole of the sensor electrode by an atomic composition percentage of 4 to 10 atom %.

A NOx sensor is provided which decreases a change rate of an oxygen ion current in a sensor electrode and shortens an activation time of the sensor electrode. The NOx sensor is equipped with a solid electrolyte body, a pump electrode working to regulate an oxygen concentration in measurement gas G, and a sensor electrode working to measure the concentration of NOx in the measurement gas G. A metallic component of the sensor electrode is a Pt—Rh alloy. The mass ratio of Pt to Rh in the whole of the sensor electrode is Pt:Rh=70:30 to 35:65. The percentage of Rh in the Pt—Rh alloy in a surface layer of the sensor electrode is higher than that in the whole of the sensor electrode by an atomic composition percentage of 4 to 10 atom %.

A gas sensor element (10) which includes an element body portion (100); a pump cell (110) which is configured to adjust a concentration of oxygen in a gas to be measured which is introduced into the element body portion (100); a detection chamber (160) which is formed inside the element body portion (100) and into which the gas to be measured in which the concentration of oxygen has been adjusted is introduced; and a layer-shaped cathode electrode (133) which is housed in the detection chamber (160) and configured to decompose NO. A relationship between a volume V1 of the detection chamber (160) and a volume V2 of the cathode electrode (133) in the gas sensor element (10) satisfies either one of conditions (A) and (B) as defined herein.

A gas sensor element (10) which includes an element body portion (100); a pump cell (110) which is configured to adjust a concentration of oxygen in a gas to be measured which is introduced into the element body portion (100); a detection chamber (160) which is formed inside the element body portion (100) and into which the gas to be measured in which the concentration of oxygen has been adjusted is introduced; and a layer-shaped cathode electrode (133) which is housed in the detection chamber (160) and configured to decompose NO. A relationship between a volume V1 of the detection chamber (160) and a volume V2 of the cathode electrode (133) in the gas sensor element (10) satisfies either one of conditions (A) and (B) as defined herein.

A gas sensor includes an element body having an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte layer and internally provided with a measurement-object gas flow section that introduces a measurement-object gas and allows the gas to flow; a measurement-object gas-side electrode disposed in a portion of the element body, the portion being exposed to the measurement-object gas; and a reference electrode disposed inside of the element body. Let A [μA] be a limiting current when oxygen is pumped from the surroundings of the measurement-object gas-side electrode to the surroundings of the reference electrode with the measurement-object gas introduction section, and B [μA] be a limiting current when oxygen is pumped from the surroundings of the reference electrode to the surroundings of the measurement-object gas-side electrode with the reference gas introduction section, then a ratio A/B is greater than or equal to 0.005.

A gas sensor includes an element body having an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte layer and internally provided with a measurement-object gas flow section that introduces a measurement-object gas and allows the gas to flow; a measurement-object gas-side electrode disposed in a portion of the element body, the portion being exposed to the measurement-object gas; and a reference electrode disposed inside of the element body. Let A [μA] be a limiting current when oxygen is pumped from the surroundings of the measurement-object gas-side electrode to the surroundings of the reference electrode with the measurement-object gas introduction section, and B [μA] be a limiting current when oxygen is pumped from the surroundings of the reference electrode to the surroundings of the measurement-object gas-side electrode with the reference gas introduction section, then a ratio A/B is greater than or equal to 0.005.

A gas sensor having a reliable measurement accuracy for specific gases even if a pump electrode is heated and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The gas sensor is provided with a measurement target gas chamber, a reference gas chamber, a solid electrolyte, a pump electrode, a sensor electrode, a reference electrode and a heater. The pump electrode includes Pt, Au and an aggregate. After the gas sensor has been manufactured, in a state that the pump electrode has not been heated to an activation temperature of the solid electrolyte yet, in the pump electrode, a pore is 5.2 vol % or less, a surface roughness Ra is 0.5 μm to 9.1 μm, and a content ratio of the aggregate 31 is 4.9 vol % or more.