An ultraviolet ray emitter includes an inner tube, an outer tube arranged around the inner tube, the outer tube defining between the outer tube and the inner tube, a discharge space where discharge gas is sealed, a pair of electrodes that causes discharge in the discharge space, and an auxiliary light source that assists excitation of discharge gas by emitting light to discharge gas from the outside of the outer tube. The outer tube is less likely to allow passage therethrough of ultraviolet light generated by excitation of discharge gas than the inner tube but allows passage therethrough of light having a wavelength emitted from the auxiliary light source.

A flue gas analysis device includes a display; an inlet port for the flue gases; a first sensor configured to detect the level of a first chemical species, selected from oxygen and carbon dioxide, present in the flue gases and to generate as output first data signals associated with the level of the first detected chemical species; and a logic unit operatively connected to the display and configured to receive the first data signals as input. The logic unit is configured to electronically control the display so as to: display a stoichiometric combustion diagram including a first axis indicating excess air; display a first indicator along the first axis of the excess air value calculated by the logic unit by processing the first data signals; and dynamically vary the position of the first indicator along the first axis according to the instantaneous value of the first data signals.

A low-cost soil gas-flux monitor provides localized sensors eliminating the need for a tethered analysis unit and permitting flexible sensor locations enabled by wireless and conduit-less interconnectivity. A housing form factor permits a low-power door actuation for venting making the necessary battery operation practical.

A gas flow rate estimation device includes a map acquisition section acquiring, from position information of a camera capturing an image including information of an infrared ray, map information around the camera, a distance calculation section calculating, based on the map information, a distance from the camera to a gas cloud, a first calculation section calculating, using time-series images, a gas velocity of the gas cloud and a gas passage time for which gas passes through a gas region, a second calculation section calculating a gas concentration thickness product of the gas region by using image data of the gas region and a gas amount of the gas region by using the gas concentration thickness product and a distance calculated by the distance calculation section, and a third calculation section calculating a flow rate estimation value of gas by using the gas passage time and the gas amount.

A method measures airborne molecular contamination via a measuring station including at least one first and one second gas analysers, at least one sampling line, and at least one valve. The method includes measuring molecular contamination concentrations in the sampling line by the first gas analyser for a first predefined time, fluidic isolation between the first gas analyser and the sampling line via at least one valve, and measuring molecular contamination concentrations in the sampling line by the second gas analyser for a second predefined time.