A method for manufacturing a tungsten trioxide/silicon nanocomposite structure includes steps as follows. A silicon substrate is provided, wherein a surface of the silicon substrate is formed with a plurality of microstructures. A tungsten trioxide precursor solution is provided, wherein the tungsten trioxide precursor solution is contacted with the silicon substrate. A hydrothermal synthesis step is conducted, wherein the tungsten trioxide precursor solution is reacted to form a plurality of tungsten trioxide particles on the plurality of microstructures, so as to obtain the tungsten trioxide/silicon nanocomposite structure.

An NO.sub.2 detection device includes a substrate; a drain formed on the substrate; a source formed on the substrate; a p-type polymer semiconductor layer formed on the substrate, between the drain and the source; and an n-type metal-organic framework layer located over the p-type polymer semiconductor layer. The n-type metal-organic framework layer has apertures having a size larger than a size of the NO.sub.2 molecules so that the NO.sub.2 molecules pass through the n-type metal-organic framework layer to arrive at the p-type polymer semiconductor layer to increase an electrical current.

A detection reagent is disclosed in the form of a dye having the basic structure of a 4-(phenylethynyl)-phenyl-amine, a 4-(phenylethenyl)-phenyl-amine and/or a biphenylamine derivative. The dye can be used as detection reagent for nitroaromatics, nitroalkanes, nitroamines, nitrates, nitric acid, nitrous acid, nitrogen oxides, and additionally for sulphur dioxide (which is produced with the degradation of black powder). The dye can be an asymmetric triphenylamine derivative, which can lead to a fluorescence quenching, which can be used analytically in the case of electron abstraction.

A gas-concentration detector system incorporates a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a gas-concentration detector the accuracy of which deviates as a function of temperature and humidity. Contemporaneous, real-time values of temperature, humidity, and gas concentration of a gas of interest are registered and communicated to a data processing system including a computer memory and a computer processor. Value-deviation data reflective of the degree to which the accuracy of the gas-concentration sensor deviates as a function of temperature and humidity are predetermined and stored in the computer memory. Provided with real-time gas-concentration, temperature, and humidity values, the computer processor executes a value-reconciling algorithm which, based on consultation with the stored value-deviation data, calculates and outputs a refined gas-concentration value more is accurately representative of the actual gas-concentration value within the selected environment in which gas-concentration detection and reporting is desired.

A gas sensor includes a sensor element, an elastic insulating member, a plurality of lead wires, a plurality of metal terminals, and a ceramic housing. The plurality of lead wires are inserted in the elastic insulating member. The plurality of metal terminals each have a first end electrically connected to the sensor element, and a second end electrically connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of lead wires. The ceramic housing includes a plurality of insertion portions each including a through hole in which a corresponding one of the plurality of metal terminals is inserted, and at least one of the plurality of insertion portions has a different height from other insertion portions.

According to an embodiment, a sensor arrangement comprises a first micropump, e.g. a microfluidic or peristaltic pump, having a normally closed (NC) safety valve, e.g. at the micropump output, a second micropump, e.g. microfluidic or peristaltic pump, having a normally closed (NC) safety valve, e.g. at the micropump output, and a sensor having a sensor chamber, e.g. a sensor cavity or sensor volume, with a sensor element, e.g. an active sensitive region or layer, in the sensor chamber, wherein the sensor is configured to provide a sensor output signal based on a condition of the fluid, e.g. a gas or liquid, in the sensor chamber. The sensor chamber of the sensor is fluidically coupled between the first and second micropump, and the first and second micropump are configured to provide a defined operation mode of the sensor arrangement based on the respective activation or operation condition of the first and second micropump for providing (1.) a defined negative fluid pressure in the sensor chamber, (2.) a defined positive fluid pressure in the sensor chamber or (3.) a defined fluid flow, e.g. fluid throughput, through the sensor chamber.

An object of the present invention is to make it possible to easily evaluate silage fermentation quality on site or the like. In one embodiment of the present invention, a gas generated from silage is applied to a surface stress sensor, and the amount of either one of organic acids and nitrogen-containing compounds contained in the silage is determined. The surface stress sensor can detect trace components in a gas by a simple device configuration and in simple procedures. Therefore, by utilizing the fact that relationship between the content of these components and the fermentation quality is known, the evaluation of fermentation quality can be easily realized by the above measurement.

An electric meter includes a meter shell configured to be within an outer utility box. A meter socket and blades are for coupling to openings of the socket. The openings include utility-side and premises-side openings for the blades to extend into. A meter processor is coupled to measurement circuitry, and to a communications unit including a transceiver. A gas sensor is positioned proximate to the blades for sensing ≥1 gaseous compound product resulting from an arc discharge across air involving the blades. During operation of the electric meter, responsive sensing a presence of the gaseous compound product, the gas sensor generates an output signal. Responsive to the output signal being above a predetermined threshold level, the electric meter triggers an alert signal that is transmitted to an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) which indicates an identity of the electric meter and that the electric meter had experienced the arc discharge.

A NOx sensor is provided which decreases a change rate of an oxygen ion current in a sensor electrode and shortens an activation time of the sensor electrode. The NOx sensor is equipped with a solid electrolyte body, a pump electrode working to regulate an oxygen concentration in measurement gas G, and a sensor electrode working to measure the concentration of NOx in the measurement gas G. A metallic component of the sensor electrode is a Pt—Rh alloy. The mass ratio of Pt to Rh in the whole of the sensor electrode is Pt:Rh=70:30 to 35:65. The percentage of Rh in the Pt—Rh alloy in a surface layer of the sensor electrode is higher than that in the whole of the sensor electrode by an atomic composition percentage of 4 to 10 atom %.

A gas sensor includes a sensor element having an electrode pad and a metal terminal member including a forward metal terminal member connected to the electrode pad, and a rear metal terminal member connected to the forward metal terminal member and a lead wire. The rear metal terminal member includes a forward end portion, a central portion, and a lead-wire connection portion. The forward end portion and the central portion are integrally connected through a first neck portion smaller in sectional area than the forward end portion and the central portion. The central portion and the lead-wire connection portion are integrally connected through a second neck portion smaller in sectional area than the central portion and the lead-wire connection portion. The first neck portion is greater in moment of inertia of area than the second neck portion.