A concentration measurement device 100 includes a light source 22 for generating incident light to a measurement space 10A, a photodetector 24 for receiving light emitted from the measurement space, and an arithmetic control circuit 26 for calculating a concentration of a measurement fluid on the basis of an output of the photodetector, and the light source includes a first light-emitting element 22a for generating light having a first wavelength, and a second light-emitting element 22b for generating light having a second wavelength, and the concentration measurement device is configured so as to calculate the concentration using either light of the first wavelength or the second wavelength on the basis of the pressure or temperature of the measurement fluid.

An interconnected corrugated carbon-based network comprising a plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers is disclosed. In one embodiment, each of the expanded and interconnected carbon layers is made up of at least one corrugated carbon sheet that is one atom thick. In another embodiment, each of the expanded and interconnected carbon layers is made up of a plurality of corrugated carbon sheets that are each one atom thick. The interconnected corrugated carbon-based network is characterized by a high surface area with highly tunable electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties.

A NO.sub.2 gas sensing element includes an electrolyte, a reference electrode in contact with the electrolyte, and a sensing electrode selective to NO.sub.2 in contact with the electrolyte spaced apart from the reference electrode. The NO.sub.2 selective sensing electrode includes an oxide material comprising: (1) a mixed oxide according to the formula (Mn.sub.2-u-v-wCo.sub.vMg.sub.wSiO.sub.4-u)+ξ(Mn.sub.3Al.sub.2Si.sub.3O.sub.12)+δ(SiO.sub.2), wherein 0≦(u+v+w)≦2.0, 0≦ξ≦0.5, and 0≦δ≦0.1; (2) a mixed oxide according to the formula (Mn.sub.2-x-y-zCo.sub.yMg.sub.zSiO.sub.4-x)+ξ(ZnO)+δ(SiO.sub.2), wherein 0≦(u+v+w)≦2.0, 0≦ξ≦0.5, and 0≦δ≦0.1; or combinations of mixed oxides (1) and (2).

A gas sensor includes a sensor element and a control unit for controlling the sensor element. The sensor element includes a main pump cell, an auxiliary pump cell, a measurement pump cell, and a reference electrode, wherein, in the main pump cell, a repeatedly on-off controlled main pump current is applied so that an auxiliary pump current flowing through the auxiliary pump cell is at a predetermined target current value, and, in the auxiliary pump cell, the auxiliary pump current is applied so that an electromotive force between an inner auxiliary pump electrode and the reference electrode is at a predetermined target voltage value. The control unit includes: a control power supply for applying the repeatedly on-off controlled main pump current; and a setting part for setting the target voltage value based on an electric potential difference generated between the inner main pump electrode and the reference electrode.

A gas sensor includes an element body, a pump cell, an impedance measurer, and a calculation unit. The pump cell has an inner electrode disposed in a measurement-object gas flow section of the element body, and an outer electrode disposed outside an element body to come into contact with a measurement-object gas, the pump cell being configured to adjust an oxygen concentration in a vicinity of the inner electrode. The impedance measurer performs first measurement to measure a first impedance by applying a voltage having a first frequency to the pump cell, and second measurement to measure a second impedance by applying a voltage having a second frequency higher than the first frequency to the pump cell. The calculation unit calculates the reaction resistance index correlated with the reaction resistance of the pump cell, based on the first and second impedances.

A gas sensor includes a sensor element and a controller. The sensor element includes an element body provided with a measurement-object gas flow section therein, a measurement electrode disposed in the measurement-object gas flow section, an outer pump electrode provided in the element body so that the outer pump electrode comes into contact with a measurement-object gas, a reference electrode, a reference-gas introduction section that causes a reference gas to flow to the reference electrode, and a reference-gas adjustment pump cell constituted by including the outer pump electrode and the reference electrode. The controller performs a moisture-absorption-state diagnosis process of diagnosing a moisture absorption state around the reference electrode based on a pump current flowing through the reference-gas adjustment pump cell when the reference-gas adjustment pump cell is controlled to pump out oxygen from a periphery of the reference electrode to a periphery of the outer pump electrode.

A method of fabricating a polymer wire according to the present embodiment includes preparing an electrode platform having a micro gap, forming a plurality of single polymer wires on the electrode platform, and a heat treatment operation of aggregating the plurality of single polymer wires to form an aggregated polymer wire.

A wearable device with an air quality sensor, the wearable device, comprising a housing enclosing an electronic board, a display arrangement, a battery, the housing lodging a cavity with an internal area, the cavity containing an air quality sensor in the internal area, the cavity being delimited by a cavity wall and by a membrane, the membrane having an inner wall oriented toward the cavity internal area and an outer wall opposed to the inner wall, the internal area of the cavity being in fluid communication with the ambient air through the membrane, the membrane being permeable to air and substantially not permeable to water.

In general, this disclosure is directed to a flexible or stretchable sensor and a method of detecting a substance and/or electromagnetic radiation using said sensor. The sensor comprises a flexible or stretchable substrate, a pair of terminal electrodes disposed on the flexible or stretchable substrate in mutually spaced apart and opposing relation, and a sensing element applied to the flexible or stretchable substrate, between and in electrical contact with the pair of terminal electrodes, wherein the sensing element is responsive to a substance and/or electromagnetic radiation impinging thereon, and wherein when a voltage is applied across the sensor, an electrical signal is generated that is proportional to a resistance value corresponding to a sensing of the substance and/or electromagnetic radiation impinging on the sensing element.

The present disclosure relates to methods, devices, and systems for measuring nitric oxide released from a material. For example, a method of measuring nitric oxide release from a material can include introducing a continuous flow of a carrier gas into a sample holding chamber via a carrier gas inlet at an effective flow rate, introducing an amount of the nitric oxide releasing material into the sample holding chamber via a separate sample inlet to contact the continuous flow of the carrier gas, directing the carrier gas and released nitric oxide out of the sample holding chamber via a nitric oxide outlet toward a nitric oxide detector, and quantifying an amount of released nitric oxide using the nitric oxide detector.