A light emitting and receiving apparatus includes a controller and a calculator. The controller acquires a first detection current from a light-receiving element when supplying a first drive current to a light-emitting element and acquires a second detection current from the light-receiving element when supplying a second drive current to the light-emitting element. The calculator generates a signal indicating deterioration of the light-emitting element when a reference value and an aging value satisfy a deterioration judgment condition, the aging value being a ratio between the first detection current and the second detection current. The detection accuracy of the light emitting and receiving apparatus is thereby improved.

A method for calibrating a target gas sensor inside a drone comprises receiving air flow at the target sensor due to least one of diverted propeller air flow or diverted air flow caused by drone flight, measuring a concentration of the target gas, receiving equivalent air flow at a sensor of at least one reference gas having known atmospheric concentration positioned in or on the drone, measuring a concentration of the at least one reference gas, and calibrating the measured concentration of the target gas based on the measured concentration of the at least one reference gas.

Various embodiments include a carbon monoxide (CO) detection device and methods for operating a FDS or CO detection device to detect carbon monoxide and communicate information regarding CO detection events to a remote server via communication network. Various embodiments include receiving information from one or more CO sensors configured to detect CO, determining whether the information from the one or more CO sensors satisfies one or more threshold criteria indicative of fire event or CO detection, generating a CO warning message comprising a fire and/or CO alarm object in response to determining that the information received from the one or more CO sensors satisfy one or more threshold criteria indicative of CO detection, and sending the generated CO warning message to a remote server via a communication network.

An engine assembly includes an internal combustion engine and a carbon monoxide (CO) sensor unit. The CO sensor unit includes a CO sensor controller including a CO sensing circuit configured to detect a level of CO and a shutdown circuit. The shutdown circuit is configured to receive a detected level of CO and calculate a trailing window average of the detected level of CO. The trailing window average includes an average of the detected level of CO over a predetermined sampling window. The shutdown circuit is further configured to determine whether to initiate a shutdown of the internal combustion engine based on at least the calculated trailing window average and a predetermined trailing window average threshold and initiate the shutdown of the internal combustion engine based on determining that the trailing window average exceeds the predetermined trailing window average threshold.

According to an embodiment, a sensor arrangement comprises a first micropump, e.g. a microfluidic or peristaltic pump, having a normally closed (NC) safety valve, e.g. at the micropump output, a second micropump, e.g. microfluidic or peristaltic pump, having a normally closed (NC) safety valve, e.g. at the micropump output, and a sensor having a sensor chamber, e.g. a sensor cavity or sensor volume, with a sensor element, e.g. an active sensitive region or layer, in the sensor chamber, wherein the sensor is configured to provide a sensor output signal based on a condition of the fluid, e.g. a gas or liquid, in the sensor chamber. The sensor chamber of the sensor is fluidically coupled between the first and second micropump, and the first and second micropump are configured to provide a defined operation mode of the sensor arrangement based on the respective activation or operation condition of the first and second micropump for providing (1.) a defined negative fluid pressure in the sensor chamber, (2.) a defined positive fluid pressure in the sensor chamber or (3.) a defined fluid flow, e.g. fluid throughput, through the sensor chamber.

Systems and methods for controlling extraction of landfill gas from a landfill via a gas extraction system are provided herein. According to some aspects of the technology, there is provided site-level control methods for globally controlling one or more wells based on one or more characteristics of aggregate landfill gas collected from a plurality of wells at a gas output. According to some aspects of the technology, there is provided well-level control methods for locally controlling a first well based on or more characteristics of landfill gas collected from the first well. According to further aspects of the technology, there is provided hybrid control methods for making adjustments to a respective well based on both site-level and well-level control methods.

A gas monitor apparatus includes a sorbent material that adsorbs a target gas based on a concentration of the target gas in a monitored environment and a reference material that does not respond to the target gas. The gas monitor also includes a first thermistor disposed within the sorbent material and a second thermistor disposed within the reference material, the first thermistor to provide a first indication of a first temperature of the sorbent material and the second thermistor to provide a second indication of a second temperature of the reference material. A processing device determines a concentration of the target gas based at least in part on a differential measurement between the first temperature and the second temperature.

The present invention discloses a CO alarm for a battery type generator, comprising a MCU control unit U2, configured to analyze and process signals, which is in a deep sleep state when the generator is not running, and enters a sleep plus timing wake-up working state after the engine is running; a CO sensor detection unit U3 connected to the MCU control unit, configured to convert the CO concentration in the environment into a corresponding electrical signal and output to the MCU control unit U2 for processing; an alarm indication unit U4 connected to the MCU control unit, configured to give an alarm prompt for the CO concentration and an alarm failure prompt.

Systems and methods to trustlessly provide resource consumption and/or pollution emission readings at cooperating industrial, commercial, or consumer locations, including mechanisms for trustless blockchain-based verification by third parties by employing a measure-perturb-measure sensor validation cycle, and to safe guard both the privacy and value of collected data during an adjustable pre-determined lifecycle.

A system includes a concentration sensor, a flow sensor, and a controller. The concentration sensor is configured to measure a concentration of a contaminant in a cabin of an aircraft. The flow sensor is configured to measure a flow rate of air into the cabin. The controller is configured to determine whether a concentration measurement of the contaminant in the cabin exceeds a first concentration threshold. The controller is configured to, in response to determining that the concentration measurement does not exceed the first concentration threshold, control the flow rate of air into the cabin based on a flow rate setpoint. The controller is configured to, in response to determining that the concentration measurement exceeds the first concentration threshold, control the flow rate of air into the cabin based on a flow rate setpoint and a correction factor that is based on a flow sensor tolerance.