An illustrative example hydrogen concentration sensor includes a first end plate. A hydrogen evolving electrode assembly that generates hydrogen is situated adjacent the first end plate and at least partially exposed through an opening through the end plate. A separator plate is between the hydrogen evolving electrode assembly and a detection electrode assembly. The separator plate includes a passage to allow a flow of hydrogen generated by the hydrogen evolving electrode assembly to the detection electrode assembly. A second end plate is situated adjacent the detection electrode assembly and includes a second opening where a portion of the detection electrode assembly is exposed to a fluid of interest to provide an indication of a concentration of hydrogen in the fluid of interest.

According to the method, either CO2-free air or pure nitrogen N2 is pumped into the cooling circuit selectively depending on system parameters. To this end, the method ensures that the air injection rate is high enough that, under normal conditions, the hydrogen concentration in the tank and in the riser remains below 2% H2. On air injection, the oxygen O2 (>2 ppm) in the cooling water reacts with the copper in the cooling ducts and a layer of copper oxide forms on the inner walls of said ducts. No reaction is triggered by the injection of nitrogen N2. The CO2 content in the injection air and, at the same time, also the H2 content in the exhaust air are continuously measured and monitored, and an alarm is triggered if adjustable limit values are exceeded. The equipment for performing the method comprises an electronic control unit (65) with an input field and display as a control box, and a pump and a pipe circuit for drawing air in from the riser. The control unit (65) can evaluate all the measured data from the sensors and analysers connected to the pipe and can at least check the CO2 content in the supply air and the H2 content in the riser (13) and display the hydrogen leakage.

A sensor system includes a sensing element, an illumination optical system including a light source, the illumination optical system being configured to obliquely illuminate the sensing element, and a detector device configured to detect light reflected off the sensing element. The sensing element includes a chemical sensing layer configured to change in an optical characteristic in response to contact with a target substance, a reflection layer configured to reflect at least part of incident light, and an intermediate layer located between the reflection layer and the chemical sensing layer. The detector device is configured to separately detect p-polarized light and s-polarized light reflected off the sensing element.

The present invention relates to hydrogen-detectable composite particles through irreversible discoloration and a method for manufacturing same. More particularly, the present invention relates to composite particles having palladium oxide (PdO) particles adhered on the surfaces of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and a method for manufacturing same. In addition, the present invention relates to applications of hydrogen detecting sensors, nanofibers, polymer films, paints, or the like using the composite particles.

A collimated beam (23) of a surface acoustic wave propagates on a piezoelectric substrate (22) while passing through sensitive film (25) to adsorb a sensing gas. Signal processing unit (40) transmits an exciting burst signal to sensor electrode (24) to excite the collimated beam (23), receives first and second returned burst signals after the collimated beam (23) has propagated, and calculates a target gas parameter by a target leakage factor of the background gas and a relation between reference gas parameters and reference leakage factors of reference gases, the leakage factor is provided by first and second attenuations of the first and second returned burst signals, respectively, using waveform data of the first and second returned burst signals.

According to one embodiment, a hydrogen sensor is disclosed. The hydrogen sensor includes a capacitor, a gas detector, a heater, and a determiner. The capacitor includes a deformable member that deforms by absorbing or adsorbing hydrogen and varies a capacitance value corresponding to a deformation of the deformable member. The gas detector detects gas based on a capacitance value of the capacitor. The heater heats the deformable member. The determiner determines whether gas detected by the gas detector contains a substance other than hydrogen or not, wherein the gas detector detects the gas during a heating period during which the heater heats the deformable member.

A hydrogen detecting sensor is initiated. The hydrogen detecting sensor include a substrate; a heater layer formed on the substrate so as to generate heat; a sensing element formed on a top face of the heater layer, wherein the sensing element includes a sensing layer, wherein the sensing layer has a structure in which two or more alloy layers are stacked, wherein each of the two or more alloy layers is made of an alloy of a catalyst metal and a transition metal, wherein an electrical resistance of the catalyst metal reversibly changes when the catalyst metal adsorbs hydrogen, wherein a ratio of a content of the transition metal to a content of the catalyst metal in each of the two or more alloy layers continuously changes based on a vertical level metal in each of the two or more alloy layers, wherein the sensing element measures an electrical resistance based on a hydrogen concentration; and a compensation element formed on the top face of the heater layer so as to be spaced apart from the sensing element, wherein the compensation element includes: a material having the same structure as the structure of the sensing layer; and a protective layer covering the material layer so as to prevent an external substance from invading the material layer, wherein the compensation element measures an electrical resistance based on temperature change.

Provided is an apparatus with a gas detection function capable of detecting a detection target gas with high accuracy. An apparatus with a gas detection function comprises: a housing (10); a vibration source (20); and a gas measurement unit (40) located inside the housing and demarcated by a partition, wherein the vibration source is located outside the gas measurement unit, the gas measurement unit includes a detector (41) located on a substrate (30), and a gas detection space (42) provided with a hole (43) through which a gas passes, and a frequency f expressed by the following Formula (1):

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}f=\frac{c}{2\pi }\sqrt{\frac{S}{\mathrm{VL}}}& \mathrm{Formula}\left(1\right)\end{array}$ is 500 Hz or more, where V is a volume of the gas detection space, S is a cross-sectional area of the hole, L is an effective length of the hole, and c is a sound speed.

Disclosed is a flexible hydrogen sensor with ultra-high sensitivity and a wide range and a fabrication method therefor. The sensor includes a conductive electrode layer (4), a sensing layer and a flexible substrate layer (1) in sequence from top to bottom. The sensing layer includes a MO.sub.xfilm (2) and Pd nanoparticles (NPs) (3), and the Pd NPs (3) are covered on the MO.sub.x film (2). A traditional metal oxide type hydrogen sensor and a quantum conductance-based hydrogen sensor are combined on a flexible polymer substrate by means of an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology and a cluster beam deposition (CBD) technology, so as to obtain a flexible hydrogen sensor with ultra-high sensitivity, a wide range and excellent selectivity and lower working temperature.

An illustrative example hydrogen concentration sensor includes a first end plate. A hydrogen evolving electrode assembly that generates hydrogen is situated adjacent the first end plate and at least partially exposed through an opening through the end plate. A separator plate is between the hydrogen evolving electrode assembly and a detection electrode assembly. The separator plate includes a passage to allow a flow of hydrogen generated by the hydrogen evolving electrode assembly to the detection electrode assembly. A second end plate is situated adjacent the detection electrode assembly and includes a second opening where a portion of the detection electrode assembly is exposed to a fluid of interest to provide an indication of a concentration of hydrogen in the fluid of interest.