Various embodiments of waveguide devices are described. A debanding optic may be incorporated into waveguide devices, which may help supply uniform output illumination. Accordingly, various waveguide devices are able to output a substantially flat illumination profile eliminating or mitigating banding effects.

A diffraction grating includes a substrate and a plurality of fringes supported by the substrate. The fringes run parallel to each other in a first direction. A refractive index of a material of the plurality of fringes is anisotropic, whereby a refractive index contrast of the diffraction grating depends on direction of electric field of an impinging light beam, and through that dependence is a function of an azimuthal angle of the impinging light beam. A dependence of the diffraction efficiency on the azimuthal angle is affected by the dependence of the refractive index contrast on the direction of electric field of an impinging light beam. A pupil-replicating waveguide may use such a diffraction grating as a coupler for in- our out-coupling image light.

Embodiments of the disclosure generally relate to methods of forming gratings. The method includes depositing a resist material on a grating material disposed over a substrate, patterning the resist material into a resist layer, projecting a first ion beam to the first device area to form a first plurality of gratings, and projecting a second ion beam to the second device area to form a second plurality of gratings. Using a patterned resist layer allows for projecting an ion beam over a large area, which is often easier than focusing the ion beam in a specific area.

A waveguide comprises a first surface and a second surface. The first surface comprises a first plurality of grating structures. The waveguide is configured to guide an in-coupled light beam to undergo total internal reflection between the first surface and the second surface. The first grating structures are configured to disrupt the total internal reflection to cause at least a portion of the in-coupled light beam to couple out of the waveguide and project from the first surface, the portion of the in-coupled light beam coupled out of the waveguide forming out-coupled light beams, the out-coupled light beams being configured to form an array of dots on a surface where the out-coupled light beams are projected on.

A display apparatus includes an image light generating unit that includes a laser light source unit and a MEMS mirror configured to reflect laser light emitted from the laser light source unit, and that is configured to generate image light, an exit pupil expander configured to expand a luminous flux diameter of the image light from the image light generating unit, a light-guiding plate, a first surface relief-type diffraction grating provided at a light incidence portion of the light-guiding plate and on which the image light passing through the exit pupil expander is incident and enters the light-guiding plate, and a second surface relief-type diffraction grating provided at a light emission portion of the light-guiding plate and through which the image light propagating inside the light-guiding plate exits, in which the image light generating unit includes a speckle noise reduction section configured to reduce speckle noise in the image light.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display panel, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device. The display panel includes a substrate, and a plurality of pixel units on the substrate. The pixel units are arranged in an array, and two adjacent columns of pixel units are spaced apart from each other to form an interval area. Each pixel unit includes a pixel defining layer and sub-pixels, and the sub-pixels are in pixel areas defined by the pixel defining layer. Cathodes of all sub-pixels in one column of pixel units are connected as one single piece.

An optical member includes a light guide body. The light guide body has an incident surface on which an outside light is incident, a first surface having flat portions and prism portions, an incident light incident on the incident surface reaching the first surface for the first time, and a second surface arranged opposite to the flat portions. The flat portions totally reflect the incident light toward the second surface. The second surface totally reflects a reflected light reflected by the flat portion toward the first surface. The prism portion has an ejection surface to emit the incident light to outside.

An electronic device including: a light guide plate; an imaging unit disposed so as to face the light guide plate and including an image sensor; a plurality of light emitting elements disposed around the imaging unit; and a refractive part interposed at least between the light emitting element and the light guide plate and refracting light emitted from the light emitting element.

The present invention relates to a light guide plate containing a glass plate and a resin layer that is formed on at least one major surface of the glass plate, in which the resin layer is made of a resin containing metal oxide fine particles dispersed, and an absolute value of a refractive index difference between the glass plate and the resin layer is 0.07 or smaller over an entire range of a wavelength of 430 nm to 700 nm.

An imaging system includes a light source configured to generate a light beam. The system also includes first and second light guiding optical elements having respective first and second entry portions, and configured to propagate at least respective first and second portions of the light beam by total internal reflection. The system further includes a light distributor having a light distributor entry portion, a first exit portion, and a second exit portion. The light distributor is configured to direct the first and second portions of the light beam toward the first and second entry portions, respectively. The light distributor entry portion and the first exit portion are aligned along a first axis. The light distributor entry portion and the second exit portion are aligned along a second axis different from the first axis.