An optical device includes an input array, an output array and a waveguide array. The input array is connected to a first slab structure, while the output array is connected to a second slab structure. The waveguide array is optically coupled to the first slab structure and the second slab structure. The waveguide array includes a first connecting part, a second connecting part and a plurality of waveguide channels. The first connecting part is joined with the first slab structure. The second connecting part is joined with the second slab structure, wherein the second connecting part includes a central portion and at least one flank portion, the central portion is connected to and overlapped with the second slab structure, and the at least one flank portion extends over a side surface of the second slab structure. The waveguide channels are joining the first connecting part to the second connecting part.

One example optical splitter chip includes a substrate, where the substrate is configured with an input port, configured to receive first signal light, an uneven optical splitting unit, configured to split the first signal light into at least second signal light and third signal light, where optical power of the second signal light is different from optical power of the third signal light, a first output port, configured to output the second signal light, an even optical splitting unit group, including at least one even optical splitting unit, configured to split the third signal light into at least two channels of equal signal light, where optical power of the at least two channels of equal signal light is the same, and at least two second output ports, which are in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least two channels of equal signal light.

Configurations for a tunable Echelle grating are disclosed. The tunable Echelle grating may include an output waveguide centered in a waveguide array, with input waveguides on both sides of the output waveguide. A metal tuning pad may be located over the slab waveguide and may be heated to induce a temperature change in the slab waveguide. By increasing the temperature of the propagation region of the slab waveguide, the index of refraction may shift, thus causing the peak wavelength of the channel to shift. This may result in an optical component capable of multiplexing multiple light sources in an energy efficient manner while maintaining a small form factor.

Configurations for an optical system with phase shifting elements are disclosed. The optical system may include a first waveguide that provides light to a second waveguide, which may be a slab waveguide. A phase shifting element may be disposed on the slab waveguide and may be heated to induce a temperature change in the slab waveguide. By increasing the temperature of the propagation region of the slab waveguide, the index of refraction of the propagation region of the slab waveguide may shift, thus causing the index of refraction of light propagating through the propagation region to shift, thus shifting the phase of the light. This may result in an optical component capable of phase shifting light for reducing coherent noise while being energy efficient and maintaining a small form factor.

A dependency of a characteristic of an optical circuit on an optical signal intensity occurring due to input of a high intensity optical signal is reduced in a waveguide type optical interferometer circuit. The waveguide type optical interferometer circuit is a waveguide type optical interferometer circuit formed in one plane, and includes an input waveguide, an optical branching unit, an optical coupling unit, an output waveguide, and optical waveguides having different lengths from each other and being interposed between the optical branching unit and the optical coupling unit. A light intensity compensating region is formed on an optical path extending from the optical branching unit to the optical coupling unit, and the light intensity compensating region is formed by using a light intensity compensating material having a light intensity coefficient different from a light intensity coefficient of an optical distance relative to an incident light intensity in the optical path.

An arrayed waveguide grating. The arrayed waveguide grating (145) includes two star couplers (130, 150) and an array of waveguides (215, 225) connecting the star couplers. The array of waveguides of the arrayed waveguide grating may have a T-shaped geometry making possible an arrayed waveguide grating with an arbitrarily large free spectral range in a compact form factor. Different materials may be used in the optical paths to reduce the temperature dependence of the characteristics of the arrayed waveguide grating.

Various embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for low-cost, low-power Array Waveguide Grating (AWG)-based miniaturized Raman spectroscopy for use in non-invasive glucose monitoring systems, such as in wearable devices that require no replenishment of chemicals or enzymes. The AWG may be manufactured using VLSI processing technology, which significantly reduces manufacturing cost and replaces holographic grating as the dispersive component of light. In embodiments, the AWG is integrated with a number of PIN photodiode detectors on a substrate to further reduce cost and signal loss. In embodiments, a prism-coupling method eliminates alignment problems associated with traditional approaches that utilize fiber-coupling methods.

A substrate of an optical electrical module is provided. The substrate includes a plurality of accommodating grooves and a reflective groove. The accommodating grooves respectively extend along a first direction. The reflective groove is connected with the accommodating grooves and extends along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

A silicon nitride phased array chip based on a suspended waveguide structure, which includes a silicon nitride waveguide area and a suspended waveguide area. The silicon nitride waveguide area includes a silicon substrate, a silicon dioxide buffer layer, a silicon dioxide cladding layer and a silicon nitride waveguide-based core layer. The silicon nitride waveguide-based core layer includes an optical splitter unit, a first curved waveguide, a thermo-optic phase shifter and a spot-size converter. The suspended waveguide area includes a second curved waveguide and an array grating antenna.

According to various embodiments, a photonic device and method for generating supercontinuum pulses are provided. The photonic device includes two stages, a nonlinear Bragg grating, and a nonlinear waveguide, which may be formed from CMOS-compatible ultra-rich silicon nitride using a monolithically integrated design.