A method for manufacturing an optical device includes: a laser irradiation step of condensing pulsed first laser light and pulsed second laser light to the inside of a glass member including germanium and titanium; and a condensing position movement step of moving condensing positions relatively to the glass member. Each of the first laser light and the second laser light has a repetition frequency of 10 kHz or greater. The first laser light is condensed to a dot-shaped condensing region, and the second laser light is condensed to an annular condensing region surrounding the condensing region of the first laser light. A central wavelength of the first laser light is greater than 400 nm and equal to or less than 700 nm, and a central wavelength of the second laser light is equal to or greater than 800 nm and equal to or less than 1100 nm.

Emission frequency of quantum dots in a photonic crystal membrane can be tuned by laser light treatment. For example, a focused laser can heat InAs quantum dots embedded within a <200 nm photonic crystal GaAs membrane. At temperatures above about 600 C., indium atoms from the quantum dots and gallium atoms from the membrane interdiffuse, alloying the quantum dots with the surrounding membrane. This causes the quantum dots to become more gallium rich, which shifts the emission to higher frequencies.

A novel polymer optical waveguide and method of manufacturing is presented herein. A digitally manufactured process is described which utilizes a micro-dispensed UV optical adhesive as the contour guiding cladding, a fused deposition modeling technology for creating a core, additional optical adhesive to complete the cladding and a subtractive laser process to finish the two ends of the optical interconnect.

Fiber laser having a monolithic laser resonator having laser affected zones for providing laser beams having wavelengths below 800 nm and from between 400 nm to 800 nm. Methods of using femtosecond lasers to form fiber Bragg gratings, volume Bragg gratings, space gratings, and laser beam delivery patterns for changing the index of refraction within optical fibers.

Fiber laser having a monolithic laser resonator having laser affected zones for providing laser beams having wavelengths below 800 nm and from between 400 nm to 800 nm. Methods of using femtosecond lasers to form fiber Bragg gratings, volume Bragg gratings, space gratings, and laser beam delivery patterns for changing the index of refraction within optical fibers.

A device comprises a substrate and an IC die, which may be a photonic IC. The substrate comprises a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, an optical waveguide integral with the substrate, and a hole extending from the first surface to the second surface. The hole comprises a first sidewall. The optical waveguide is between the first surface and the second surface, parallel to the first surface, and comprises a first end which extends to the first sidewall. The IC die is within the hole and comprises a second sidewall and an optical port at the second sidewall. The second sidewall is proximate to the first sidewall and the first end of the optical waveguide is proximate to and aligned with the optical port. The substrate may include a recess to receive another device comprising a socket.

An optical waveguide manufacturing method according to one embodiment is an optical waveguide manufacturing method by irradiating glass with femtosecond laser beam to form an optical waveguide. The optical waveguide manufacturing method includes a first process of irradiating the glass with the femtosecond laser beam having a pulse width of 300 (fs) or less and a repetition frequency of 700 (kHz) or less while relatively moving the glass and a focal position of the femtosecond laser beam and a second process of irradiating an increased refractive index portion with a femtosecond laser beam having a pulse width of 300 (fs) or less and a repetition frequency higher than 700 (kHz).

Apparatuses having a plurality of optical duplex and parallel connector adapters, such as MPO connectors and LC adapters, where some adapters connect to network equipment in a network and others to servers or processing units such as GPUs, incorporate internal photonic circuit with a mesh. The light path of each transmitter and receivers is matched in order to provide proper optical connections from transmitting to receiving fibers, wherein complex arbitrary network topologies can be implemented.

A method of manufacturing a biopolymer optical device includes providing a polymer, providing a substrate, casting the polymer on the substrate, and enzymatically polymerizing an organic compound to generate a conducting polymer between the provided polymer and the substrate. The polymer may be a biopolymer such as silk and may be modified using organic compounds such as tyrosines to provide a molecular-level interface between the provided bulk biopolymer of the biopolymer optical device and a substrate or other conducting layer via a tyrosine-enzyme polymerization. The enzymatically polymerizing may include catalyzing the organic compound with peroxidase enzyme reactions. The result is a carbon-carbon conjugated backbone that provides polymeric wires for use in polymer and biopolymer optical devices. An all organic biopolymer electroactive material is thereby provided that provides optical functions and features.

Emission frequency of quantum dots in a photonic crystal membrane can be tuned by laser light treatment. For example, a focused laser can heat InAs quantum dots embedded within a <200 nm photonic crystal GaAs membrane. At temperatures above about 600 C., indium atoms from the quantum dots and gallium atoms from the membrane interdiffuse, alloying the quantum dots with the surrounding membrane. This causes the quantum dots to become more gallium rich, which shifts the emission to higher frequencies.