A liquid crystal device including a single or a plurality of pixel elements is provided. Each pixel element includes: a first substrate, a second substrate parallel to the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first plurality of electrodes formed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, a second plurality of electrodes formed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer. The first plurality of electrodes and the second plurality of electrodes are composed to generate electric fields in three orthogonal directions, and the electric fields in two of the three orthogonal directions are in-plane electric fields, while the other electric field of the three orthogonal directions is an out-of-plane electric field.

A liquid crystal device including a single or a plurality of pixel elements is provided. Each pixel element includes: a first substrate, a second substrate parallel to the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first plurality of electrodes formed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, a second plurality of electrodes formed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer. The first plurality of electrodes and the second plurality of electrodes are composed to generate electric fields in three orthogonal directions, and the electric fields in two of the three orthogonal directions are in-plane electric fields, while the other electric field of the three orthogonal directions is an out-of-plane electric field.

The present invention provides a dimming panel sequentially including: a first substrate; a liquid crystal layer; and a second substrate, the first substrate sequentially including an insulating substrate, a first electrode, a first insulator layer, and a second electrode, the second electrode including, in a plan view, linear electrodes parallel to each other with slit regions in between, and bridge electrodes each of which is disposed in one of the slit regions and is connecting two adjacent linear electrodes, the bridge electrodes including a first bridge electrode in a first slit region, a second bridge electrode in a second slit region adjacent to the first slit region, and a third bridge electrode in a third slit region adjacent to the second slit region, the first bridge electrode, the second bridge electrode, and the third bridge electrode being discrete from one another.

It is an object of the present invention to apply a sufficient electrical field to a liquid crystal material in a horizontal electrical field liquid crystal display device typified by an FFS type. In a horizontal electrical field liquid crystal display, an electrical field is applied to a liquid crystal material right above a common electrode and a pixel electrode using plural pairs of electrodes rather than one pair of electrodes. One pair of electrodes includes a comb-shaped common electrode and a comb-shaped pixel electrode. Another pair of electrodes includes a common electrode provided in a pixel portion and the comb-shaped pixel electrode.

A dimming panel includes: a transparent base substrate and a plurality of dimming cells disposed on the transparent base substrate; each of the plurality of dimming cells comprises a refractive structure and an electric field structure disposed outside the refractive structure, the refractive structure comprises at least two film layers stacked, a refractive index difference between any two adjacent film layers in the at least two film layers is variable under an action of an electric field applied by the electric field structure.

To provide a semiconductor device, a liquid crystal display device, and an electronic device which have a wide viewing angle and in which the number of manufacturing steps, the number of masks, and manufacturing cost are reduced compared with a conventional one. The liquid crystal display device includes a first electrode formed over an entire surface of one side of a substrate; a first insulating film formed over the first electrode; a thin film transistor formed over the first insulating film; a second insulating film formed over the thin film transistor; a second electrode formed over the second insulating film and having a plurality of openings; and a liquid crystal over the second electrode. The liquid crystal is controlled by an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode.

A liquid crystal display includes a pixel electrode including a first subpixel electrode and a second subpixel electrode spaced apart with a gap therebetween, a common electrode facing the pixel electrode, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode and including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules. The first and second subpixel electrodes include a plurality of branches, and each of the first and second subpixel electrodes includes a plurality of subregions. The branches extend in different directions in different subregions.

Disclosed is a plastic substrate, which includes a plastic film, a metal layer, and a resin layer having a conductive material dispersed therein and which is useful as a lower substrate of a transmissive electronic paper display device or a display device.

A liquid crystal display apparatus that controls liquid crystals with a pixel structure having a red pixel, a green pixel, a blue pixel, and a white pixel as a basic unit. Voltage-transmittance characteristics of the liquid crystals corresponding to the white pixel are different from voltage-transmittance characteristics of the liquid crystals corresponding to each of the red pixel, the green pixel, and the blue pixel.

According to an aspect, a liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates; pixels each including sub-pixels corresponding to different color areas; a first electrode in each sub-pixel; and a second electrode facing the first electrode. The first electrode includes an electrode base portion extending in a first direction; and a plurality of comb tooth portions extending in a second direction from the electrode base portion. A slit pitch of a sub-pixel in one color area and a slit pitch of a sub-pixel in the other color area of at least two color areas out of different color areas are different in size, each slit pitch corresponding to a gap between the comb tooth portions adjacent to each other.