Electro-optic (EO) devices having an EO polymer core comprising a first host polymer and a first nonlinear optical chromophore (NLOC); and a cladding comprising a second host polymer and a second NLOC, and methods of preparing the same; wherein the first NLOC has a first bridge covalently bonded to an electron-accepting group and an electron-donating group; wherein the second NLOC has a second bridge covalently bonded to an electron-accepting group and an electron-donating group; and wherein the second bridge is less conjugated than the first bridge such that the cladding has an index of refraction that is less than that of the EO polymer core, and wherein the second NLOC is present in the second host polymer in a concentration such that the cladding has a conductivity equal to or greater than at least 10% of the conductivity of the EO polymer core at a poling temperature.

The present disclosure is directed, in general, to (1) nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores containing furanyl accepting groups, including (2) compositions/materials/resistive layers comprising NLO chromophores containing furanyl accepting groups, and the methods of making the compositions/materials/resistive layers comprising NLO chromophores containing furanyl accepting groups (e.g., methods of drying and/or poling, and the like), (3) uses of NLO chromophores containing furanyl accepting groups in electro-optic devices (e.g., EOMs).

The present disclosure is directed, in general, to (1) nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, including (2) compositions/materials/resistive layers comprising NLO chromophores, and the methods of making the compositions/materials/resistive layers comprising NLO chromophores (e.g., methods of poling and/or drying, and the like), (3) uses of NLO chromophores in electro-optic devices (e.g., electro-optic modulators (EOMs)). NLO chromophores disclosed herein not only have large EO effect, but also have fast modulation speed. In addition, NLO chromophores disclosed herein have superior photostability and thermal stability compared to other EO Materials. As a consequence, NLO chromophores herein are particularly suited for use as EO materials in connection with low power and small footprint devices, including devices used in data acquisition systems, analog I/O modules, field transmitters, lab and field instrumentation, servo drive control modules, direct current (DC) power supply, alternating current (AC), and/or electronic load.