A charge transport molecule contains four radical polymerizable functional groups of the general structure exemplified below: ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable functional group, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen atoms, and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable functional group wherein the spacer group of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is an ethyl group and the radical polymerizable functional group of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is an acrylate group.

The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that suppresses electric potential fluctuations in repeated use. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a photosensitive layer and a protective layer, in this order, wherein the photosensitive layer includes a compound having a structure represented by formula (1), and the protective layer includes a resin having a structure represented by formula (2) and a structure represented by formula (3).

Provided is a process cartridge including: an electrophotographic photoreceptor; a charging unit configured to charge the electrophotographic photoreceptor through abutment against the electrophotographic photoreceptor; a developing unit configured to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a toner to form a toner image; and a cleaning unit configured to remove the toner on the electrophotographic photoreceptor by bringing a blade into abutment against the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the toner includes a toner base containing a coloring agent and a binder resin, and has a surface layer containing an organosilicon polymer having a specific sticking ratio to a toner base, and wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a supporting member and a surface layer, and the surface layer has a specific universal hardness value and a specific elastic deformation ratio (We).

To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member which does not cause film exfoliation in long-term use. An electrophotographic photosensitive member, having: a support; a layered photosensitive layer; and a protective layer in this order, wherein the protective layer is a single layer, the protective layer includes: at least two specific structures, the two specific structures are included in the protective layer at a mass ratio of 20% or more and 240% or less, and a peak area based on in-plane deformation vibration of terminal olefin (CH.sub.2) of the protective layer and a peak area based on stretching vibration of CO of acryloyloxy groups, the peak areas being determined by total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy under conditions where an internal reflection element is Ge, and an incidence angle is 45, have a fixed relationship.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate. An outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains fluorine-containing resin particles and a fluorine-containing graft polymer having a fluorinated alkyl group. In an infrared absorption spectrum of the fluorine-containing graft polymer, a ratio of a peak area in a wavenumber range of from 1,020 cm.sup.1 to 1,308 cm.sup.1 to a peak area in a wavenumber range of from 1,673 cm.sup.1 to 1,779 cm.sup.1 is 2.7 or more and 4.8 or less.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member which satisfies wear resistance and electrical properties, further has high image deletion prevention properties under a high temperature and high humidity environment, and a small potential variation under a low temperature and low humidity environment is provided. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer containing a polymerization product of a hole transporting compound having a specific structure.

An overcoat layer for an organic photoconductor drum includes a curable composition having about 20 to about 80 percent by weight of a charge transport molecule containing four radical polymerizable functional groups as exemplified below: ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable functional group, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen atoms, and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable functional group. The curable composition may also include a non-radical polymerizable additive, such as a surfactant, and/or a curing agent.

The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that has mechanical durability, and can achieve both of suppression of an image flow and adequate electrical characteristics. In the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support and a photosensitive layer provided on the support, a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a copolymerized product of a composition containing a hole transporting compound represented by the following formula (1) and a compound represented by the following formula (3):

##STR00001##

An improved overcoat layer for an organic photoconductor drum used in an electrophotographic image forming device is provided. The overcoat layer is prepared from a curable composition including a charge transport molecule containing four radical polymerizable hydrophilic functional groups containing an oxygen atom of the general structure shown below: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable hydrophilic functional group containing an oxygen atom, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are a non-radical polymerizable functional group, and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable hydrophilic functional group containing an oxygen atom. The curable composition may also contain at least one optional curing agent. This overcoat layer improves wear resistance of the organic photoconductor drum without negatively altering the electrophotographic properties, thus protecting the organic photoconductor drum from damage and extending its service life.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can achieve both of satisfactory wear resistance and the suppression of an image streak at the time of its repeated use. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains: a polymer of a hole-transportable compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group; and an ester compound having specific alkyl groups.