Provided is a toner has a toner particle containing a binder resin and is characterized in that the binder resin contains a polymer A, which is a polymer of a composition containing a first polymerizable monomer, a second polymerizable monomer and a crosslinking agent, the first polymerizable monomer is at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group with 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the crosslinking agent has two or more polymerizable double bonds, a content of the first polymerizable monomer in the composition is 5.0 to 60.0 mol %, a content of the second polymerizable monomer is 20.0 to 95.0 mol %, and when the SP values of the first polymerizable monomer, the second polymerizable monomer and the crosslinking agent are denoted by SP.sub.12, SP.sub.22 and SP.sub.C2, respectively, the formulae 0.60(SP.sub.22SP.sub.12)15.00 and SP.sub.12<SP.sub.C2<(SP.sub.22+3.00) are satisfied.

Provided is a positive-charging toner having a toner particle that contains a binder resin, the binder resin contains a polymer A having a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer, and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having a C18 to C36 alkyl group, the content of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is 5.0 to 60.0 mol % and the content of the second monomer unit is 20.0 to 95.0 mol %, SP.sub.11 of the first monomer unit and SP.sub.21 of the second monomer unit satisfy 3.00(SP.sub.21SP.sub.11)25.00, and the work function of the toner is 5.0 to 5.4 V.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner has a surface property index value represented by Formula S of 2.0 to 2.8, an electrostatic charge image developing toner has a surface property index value represented by Formula S of more than 2.8 and 3.5 or less, and an electrostatic charge image developing toner has a surface property index value represented by Formula S of more than 1.0 and less than 2.0 and a calculated value of a specific surface area in Formula S of 0.70 to 1.3:
(Surface property index value)=(Measured value of specific surface area)/(Calculated value of specific surface area)Formula S wherein (Calculated value of specific surface area)=(Sum of surface areas calculated from equivalent circle diameters of 4,500 toner particles in flow particle image analysis)/{(Specific gravity of toner)(Sum of volumes calculated from equivalent circle diameters of 4,500 toner particles in flow particle image analysis)}.

A toner is provided that contains a crystalline polyester resin comprising a polycondensed resin of a dicarboxylic acid represented by the following formula (1) with a diol represented by the following formula (2). A content of a cyclic ester represented by the following formula (3) in the toner, measured by a thermal extraction gas chromatographic mass spectrometry at a thermal extraction temperature of 160 C., is from 1 to 200 ppm in terms of toluene: ##STR00001##
where n represents an integer of from 2 to 12; ##STR00002##
where m represents an integer of from 2 to 12; and ##STR00003##
where n represents an integer of from 2 to 12, m represents an integer of from 2 to 12, and m+n6 is satisfied.

A toner has a toner particle including a binder resin, the binder resin includes a polymer A, the polymer A contains a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is selected from (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group having 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the content of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is 5.0 mol % to 60.0 mol %, the content of the second monomer unit in the polymer A is 20.0 mol % to 95.0 mol %, the SP value of the first monomer unit and the SP value of the second monomer unit satisfy a predetermined relationship, the polymer A includes a predetermined polyvalent metal, and the content of the polyvalent metal is 25 ppm to 500 ppm.

Provided are a toner for developing electrostatic images excellent in low-temperature fusing property, gloss and carrier contamination resistance, and a wax dispersant. [1] A toner for developing electrostatic images, containing an amorphous composite resin (A), an amorphous polyester resin (B), and a wax, wherein the amorphous composite resin (A) contains a polyester resin segment which is a polycondensate of an alcohol component containing an aromatic diol and a carboxylic acid component containing an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid whose main chain has 8 or more and 14 or less carbon atoms, a vinylic resin segment of an addition polymer of a raw material monomer containing a styrenic compound, and a constitutional unit derived from a bireactive monomer, the constitutional unit bonding to the polyester resin segment and the vinylic resin segment each via a covalent bond; and has a glass transition temperature not lower than 45 C., and the ratio by mass of the amorphous composite resin (A) to the amorphous polyester resin (B) [(A)/(B)] is 1/99 or more and 60/40 or less; and [2] a wax dispersant containing the amorphous composite resin (A).

A toner that is suppressed from deteriorating owing to its long-term use and can maintain high transferability. The toner includes: a toner particle containing an amorphous polyester serving as a binder resin and a polymer A; and inorganic fine particles, wherein the polymer A includes a graft copolymer of a polyolefin and a vinyl-based polymer unit having a carboxylate anion group, and a metal ion having a valence of 2 or more.

The present disclosure provides toners and toner processes. In embodiments, a toner is provided which comprises a first resin having a weight average molecular weight of no more than about 28,000 and an onset second heat T.sub.g of no more than about 50 C.; a second resin having a weight average molecular weight greater than that of the first resin; and a paraffin wax having a melting point in the range of from about 65 C. to about 95 C.

A toner, including a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the binder resin contains a polymer A, the polymer A including a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer different from the first polymerizable monomer; the first polymerizable monomer is selected from (meth)acrylic acid esters having a C.sub.18-36 alkyl group; the toner has a first monomer unit content and a second monomer unit content in the polymer A which are within specific ranges, and assuming that an SP value of the first monomer unit is taken as SP.sub.11 and an SP value of the second monomer unit is taken as SP.sub.21, the formula (1) below is satisfied, and the molecular weight of the release agent is at least 1,000.

3.00(SP.sub.21SP.sub.11)25.00(1)

A toner has a toner particle including a binder resin, the binder resin includes a polymer A, the polymer A contains a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is selected from (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group having 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the content of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is 5.0 mol % to 60.0 mol %, the content of the second monomer unit in the polymer A is 20.0 mol % to 95.0 mol %, the SP value of the first monomer unit and the SP value of the second monomer unit satisfy a predetermined relationship, the polymer A includes a predetermined polyvalent metal, and the content of the polyvalent metal is 25 ppm to 500 ppm.