A chiplet system can include a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus for communication. A controller or primary device coupled to the SPI bus can generate a message with read or write instructions for one or more secondary devices. In an example, the primary device can be configured to use information on a data input port or data input bus to determine a communication status of one or multiple secondary devices on the bus.

Provided are I/O request type specific cache directories in accordance with the present description. In one embodiment, by limiting track entries of a cache directory to a specific I/O request type, the size of the cache directory may be reduced as compared to general cache directories for I/O requests of all types, for example. As a result, look-up operations directed to such smaller size I/O request type specific cache directories may be completed in each directory more quickly. In addition, look-ups may frequently be successfully completed after a look-up of a single I/O request type specific cache directory, improving the speed of cache look-ups and providing a significant improvement in system performance. Other aspects and advantages are provided, depending upon the particular application.

There is disclosed in an example, an endpoint apparatus for an interconnect, comprising: a mechanical and electrical interface to the interconnect; and one or more logic elements comprising an interface vector engine to: receive a first scalar transaction for the interface; determine that the first scalar transaction meets a criterion for vectorization; receive a second scalar transaction for the interface; determine that the second transaction meets the criterion for vectorization; vectorize the first scalar transaction and second scalar transaction into a vector transaction; and send the vector transaction via the electrical interface.

A memory system comprises a memory and a physical layer circuit. The memory system comprises a memory, a data bus and a single-pin STB. The memory receives a parallel command though the data bus, and receives a serial command through the STB. The physical layer circuit is configured to transmit the parallel command to the data bus. The physical layer circuit is configured to convert STB input data from the controller into the serial command and transmit the serial command to the STB.

A retimer application system is provided, which includes a primary chip, a retimer, and a secondary chip. After first link training is completed, the retimer is configured to store, in a first storage area, an equalization parameter corresponding to each rate during the first link training, and data stored in the first storage area is not lost when the retimer performs a reset operation. The retimer is further configured to: receive a reset indication, and perform the reset operation according to the reset indication. The primary chip and the secondary chip are configured to perform second link training triggered by the reset indication. During the second link training, the retimer is further configured to: invoke the equalization parameter, and transparently transmit a training sequence in the second link training to the primary chip or the secondary chip based on the equalization parameter.

A motherboard includes a connector, a controller, a platform controller hub and a switch block. The connector is configured to be electrically connected to an expansion card, and includes a first pin, a second pin and a third pin. The controller includes an analog-to-digital converter coupled to the first pin. The controller identifies a digital voltage value of the first pin via the analog-to-digital converter, and generates a power supply requirement and a signal transmission requirement corresponding to the expansion card based on the digital voltage value. The switch block is coupled to the second pin, the third pin, the controller and the platform controller hub. The switch block provides a power supply voltage to the second pin based on the power supply requirement, and the switch block couples the third pin to the platform controller hub based on the signal transmission requirement.

Provided herein are systems and methods for performing dynamic adaption and correction for internal delays in devices connected to a common time-multiplexed bus. The methods allow devices to operate reliably at a higher bus frequency by correcting for inherent and unknown delays within the components and in the system by measuring the actual delays using multiple readings with the bus. Intrinsic noise and jitter are used to increase the precision of the measurements, thereby essentially using these uncertainties as self-dithering for increased measurement resolution. During adaption, delays may be adjusted in multiple step sizes to speed adaption time.

Methods and apparatus for quickly changing line rates in PCIe analyzers without resetting the receivers. One example circuit for multi-rate reception generally includes: a receiver having a data input, a data output, and a clock input configured to receive a clock signal from a clock generator, the receiver being configured to switch between receiving data at a first data rate and at least one second data rate and to sample data according to the first data rate, wherein the first data rate is higher than the at least one second data rate; a phase detector having an input coupled to the data output of the receiver; and a filter having an input coupled to an output of the phase detector and having an output configured to effectively control a phase of the sampling by the receiver when the data is at the at least one second data rate.

A reconfigurable server includes improved bandwidth connection to adjacent servers and allows for improved access to near-memory storage and for an improved ability to provision resources for an adjacent server. The server includes processor array and a near-memory accelerator module that includes near-memory and the near-memory accelerator module helps provide sufficient bandwidth between the processor array and near-memory. A hardware plane module can be used to provide additional bandwidth and interconnectivity between adjacent servers and/or adjacent switches.

Disclosed is bandwidth allocation method for a PCIe external plug-in card. The method comprises: configuring a south bridge chip to successively connect to a connector, an adapter card and a PCIe external plug-in card by means of an I2C bus, wherein the PCIe external plug-in card stores preset configuration information; in response to a system being powered on, the south bridge chip acquiring, by means of the I2C bus, the preset configuration information stored in the PCIe external plug-in card; and the south bridge chip determining a target bandwidth according to the preset configuration information, and allocating a bandwidth to the PCIe external plug-in card on the basis of the target bandwidth.