An electronic device includes an application processor; and a first storage device that is, connected to the application processor and directly communicates with the application processor, and connected to a second storage device such that the second storage device communicates with the application processor through the first storage device, wherein the first storage device includes a reset converter configured to generate a software reset signal in response to a hardware reset signal received from the application processor, and wherein the software reset signal resets the second storage device.

Embodiments for a memory access broker system with application-controlled early write acknowledgment support. A memory access broker may be selectively enabled to facilitate early write acknowledgement (EWACK) operations and notification of failed EWACK write requests to one or more issuing applications such that the failed EWACK write requests are logged by the memory access broker for inspection by the one or more issuing applications.

A semiconductor memory device includes a substrate that has a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, a first semiconductor chip which is mounted on the first main surface and includes a first register, a plurality of first input/output (IO) terminals, and a first circuit connected between the first IO terminals and the first register, and a second semiconductor chip which is mounted on the second main surface and includes a second register, a plurality of second input/output (IO) terminals, and a second circuit connected between the second IO terminals and the second register. The second circuit is connected to the second IO terminals through input lines and to the second register through output lines, and is configured to change a connection path between the input lines and the output lines in response to a connection change command.

A storage device includes a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices each exchanging data by using a data strobe signal and a data signal, and a storage controller categorizing the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices into a plurality of groups and performing training in units of the plurality of groups. The storage controller performs data training on a first nonvolatile memory device selected in a first group of the plurality of groups and sets a delay of a data signal of a second nonvolatile memory device included in the first group by using a result value of the data training for the first nonvolatile memory device.

A method receives an inbound request to be processed based on multiple outbound service invocations of multiple outbound services. The method accesses expected response times for the inbound request for each of the multiple outbound services. The method determines which one or more of the multiple outbound services to invoke asynchronously and which one or more of the multiple outbound services to invoke synchronously based on the expected response times for the inbound request for each of the multiple outbound services. The method invokes asynchronously the one or more of the multiple outbound services determined to be invoked asynchronously, invokes synchronously the one or more of the multiple outbound services determined to be invoked synchronously.

A technique relates to operating a memory controller. A feedback mode is initiated such that an identified memory device of first memory devices includes an identified bit lane on a data bus to be utilized for testing. A process includes sending commands on the 1-N bit lanes of the command address bus to a buffer and duplicating commands designated for a selected one of the 1-N bit lanes. The process includes sending the duplicated commands on the identified bit lane in route to the buffer, and receiving a result of a parity check for the commands sent on the 1-N bit lanes, such that when the result is a pass the process ends. When the result is a fail, a duplicated parity check is performed using duplicated commands on the identified bit lane in place of the selected one. When the duplicated parity check passes, the selected one is bad.

Systems and methods for an interface with a widened interface-to-fabric shoreline between semiconductor circuits and a narrower interface-to-memory controller shoreline. The interface providing transitions from a first clock of a first circuit (e.g., field-programmable gate array (FPGA)), a second clock of a second circuit (e.g., high-bandwidth memory generation 2 (HBM2) stack, and a third clock of a physical layer of the second circuit. A first transfer between the first clock and the second clock may use a first set of first-in first-outs (FIFO) buffers, such as rate-matching FIFO buffers. A second transfer between the second clock and the third clock may use a second set of FIFO buffers, such as phase compensation FIFOs.

A processor applies offset values to read and write pointers to a first-in-first-out buffer (FIFO) for data being transferred between clock domains. The pointer offsets are based on a frequency ratio between the clock domains, and reduce latency while ensuring that data is not read by the receiving clock domain from an entry of the FIFO until after the data has been written to the entry, thereby reducing data transfer errors. The processor resets the pointer offset values in response to a change in clock frequency at one or both of the clock domains, allowing the processor to continue to accurately transfer data in response to clock frequency changes.

An FPGA-based interface signal remapping method, relates to the technical field of nuclear power system, and solves the technical problems of poor reliability, readability and debuggability in the prior art. The method comprises dividing an internal programmable logic of an FPGA chip into two independent modules, with one module being an I/O module and the other module being a Core module, using the I/O module to process signal excursion occurring when an external signal is input to or output from the FPGA chip, signal collision caused by line multiplexing, metastable state in a data transmission process, and a data transmission error between asynchronous clock domains, using the Core module to implement logical processing and computing; and introducing a master clock signal outside the FPGA chip into the FPGA chip through a global clock pin of the FPGA chip. The method provided in the invention is suitable for a nuclear power protection system platform.

A method receives an inbound request to be processed based on multiple outbound service invocations of multiple outbound services. The method accesses expected response times for the inbound request for each of the multiple outbound services. The method determines which one or more of the multiple outbound services to invoke asynchronously and which one or more of the multiple outbound services to invoke synchronously based on the expected response times for the inbound request for each of the multiple outbound services. The method invokes asynchronously the one or more of the multiple outbound services determined to be invoked asynchronously, invokes synchronously the one or more of the multiple outbound services determined to be invoked synchronously.