The present disclosure relates to a detection method for congeners of short-chain chlorinated paraffins as well as a device for realizing the detection method. The detection method includes the following steps: adding an internal standard substance to a test sample; subjecting the test sample to a separation process using a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph formed by connecting a non-polar or weak-polar column and a medium-polar column in series via a modulator; and detecting the sample by a mass analyzer employing a negative chemical ion source after the separation process. The method according to the present disclosure enables accurate qualitative analysis as well as accurate quantitative measurement for short-chain chlorinated paraffins. The detection is extremely accurate yet can be easily carried out with simple operations.

In a method for processing successive fluidic sample portions provided by a sample source, sample reception volumes are filled successively temporarily with at least a respective one of the sample sections, and the sample sections are emptied successively out of the sample reception volumes in such a way, that, while emptying, it is avoided to bring two respective ones of the sample sections, which have not left the sample source directly adjacent to one another, in contact with one another.

A method of performing a chromatographic separation includes modulating a portion of a flowstream to a trap column to retain at least one analyte from the flowstream on the trap column. A flow of a modifier is provided through the trap column to generate an elution comprising the at least one analyte. A flow of a compressible fluid-based chromatography (CFC) mobile phase or CFC solvent is merged with the elution from the trap column to generate a diluted elution. Carbon dioxide may be used as the CFC solvent or as a component of the CFC mobile phase. The diluted elution is provided to a CFC column where at least one analyte is focused at a head of the CFC column. Examples of a flowstream that may be used include an eluent from a chromatography column or a fluid flow from an extraction system.

A chromatography system includes a first chromatography column for receiving and separating a flow stream, a plurality of traps configured to trap a plurality of distinct flow segments exiting the first chromatography column during separation of the flow stream, and a second chromatography column operatively associated with the plurality of traps for receiving and separating the distinct flow segments. The system can include at-column dilution at trapping and separating stages thereof. A chromatography method for operating the chromatographic system includes measuring a plurality of time segments corresponding to a plurality of peaks of a fluid sample flowing through the first chromatographic column, and sequentially fluidly coupling the plurality of distinct flow segments with the corresponding plurality of traps during time segments corresponding to the plurality of peaks.

Presented herein is a ligand-assisted elution chromatography process for the separation of metal ions using a sorbent. In particular, the present invention discloses a process of two sets of column system in combination with two sets of eluting ligand solutions to prepare substantially pure rare earth elements, wherein the first set of column comprises strong acid cation exchange resins and the second set of chromatographic columns comprises hydrous polyvalent metal oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, or SnO.sub.2 and wherein ligand of said second ligand solution coordinates with said hydrous polyvalent metal oxide.

Provided are two-dimensional chromatography systems and methods for separating and/or analyzing complex mixtures of organic compounds. In particularly, a two-dimensional reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) system is described including a trapping column at the interface which collects the analytes eluted from the first dimension chromatography while letting the RPLC mobile phase pass through. The peaks of interest from the RPLC dimension column are effectively focused as sharp concentration pulses on the trapping column, which is subsequently injected onto the second dimension SFC column. The system can be used for simultaneous achiral and chiral analysis of pharmaceutical compounds. The first dimension RPLC separation provides the achiral purity result, and the second dimension SFC separation provides the chiral purity result (enantiomeric excess).

The present disclosure provides a method for conducting comprehensive chromatography analysis. Broadly, the method comprises separating a sample in a first chromatographic column to generate a primary stream, which is directed toward a non-modulator switching system comprising at least one micro-switch and at least one valve. The non-modulator switching system is continuously operated to: (a) selectively direct a portion of the primary stream to one of a plurality of thermal injectors and accumulating the portion of the primary stream for a predetermined amount of time; (b) inject the portion of the primary stream into one of a plurality of secondary chromatographic columns; (c) detect one or more analytes in a secondary stream exiting the secondary chromatographic column; and repeat (a)-(c) to selectively direct other portions of the primary stream to other thermal injectors and secondary chromatographic columns until all of the analytes in the sample are detected.

For every acquisition of a set of mass spectrum data, a mass calibrator (determines the amount of mass discrepancy using the appearance position of a peak originating from an internal standard substance having a known m/z value, and performs a process for correcting the mass discrepancy. A mass calibration information collector (collects the amount of mass discrepancy or mass correction quantity for each set of mass spectrum data. After the completion of the measurement, a three-dimensional display information creator creates a three-dimensional graph showing the large number of collected mass correction quantities plotted in a three-dimensional space in which the retention time in a primary column and the retention time in a secondary column in a comprehensive two-dimensional LC unit are represented by two mutually orthogonal axes while the mass correction quantity is represented by the axis orthogonal to those two axes.

A control device for controlling at least part of a sample separation apparatus for separating a fluidic sample, the sample separation apparatus including at least two fluid accommodation volumes having different flow through properties and each being configured for temporarily accommodating fluidic sample, wherein the control device is configured for controlling operation of at least part of the sample separation apparatus for at least partially compensating sample separation artifacts resulting from the different flow through properties of the fluid accommodation volumes.

Methods and systems to preserve, prepare, extract, and/or analyze hydrocarbons in the pore spaces of or adsorbed in organic-rich rock samples, such as, but not limited to, drill cuttings and drill cores, using one or more combinations of physical energy sources, including, but not limited to, thermal, vapor pressure, and mechanical stress. The collected samples are transported and prepared in low temperature conditions, with parts of subsequent processing at very low temperatures, thereby allowing a fuller measurement of geochemical fingerprints for the extracted hydrocarbons using various analysis tools. More particularly, the treatment and process allows geochemical fingerprinting to very low carbon number ranges.