The disclosure provides phosphorylated carbohydrate replacement therapies (CRT) that include compositions of phosphorylated carbohydrates and phospholipids, as well as methods for preparing such compositions. Such compositions are suitable for pharmaceutical delivery of phosphorylated carbohydrates to cell interior, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi, and can be used for treating CDG type I and CDG type II diseases as well as other metabolic disorders.

There is a composition for maximizing NAD enzyme's health benefits. The composition includes a nucleoside; the nucleoside is adenosine. The nucleoside is a phosphate derivative; wherein the composition includes 1 to 5 percent weight of adenosine. The composition includes a vitamin B3; wherein the vitamin B3 is in the form of niacin, niacinamide, nicotinic acid or nicotinamide. The composition includes 0.1 to 10 percent weight of the Vitamin B3. The composition includes a nicotinamide mononucleotide. The composition includes a stilbene derivative; wherein the composition includes 0.1 to 5 percent weight stilbene derivative.

There is a composition for maximizing NAD enzyme's health benefits. The composition includes a nucleoside; the nucleoside is adenosine. The nucleoside is a phosphate derivative; wherein the composition includes 1 to 5 percent weight of adenosine. The composition includes a vitamin B3; wherein the vitamin B3 is in the form of niacin, niacinamide, nicotinic acid or nicotinamide. The composition includes 0.1 to 10 percent weight of the Vitamin B3. The composition includes a nicotinamide mononucleotide. The composition includes a stilbene derivative; wherein the composition includes 0.1 to 5 percent weight stilbene derivative.

Disclosed herein are methods for treating a cancer comprising: a. administering a Btk inhibitor to a subject sufficient to result in an increase or appearance in the blood of a subpopulation of lymphocytes defined by immunophenotyping; b. determining the expression profile of one or more biomarkers from one or more subpopulation of lymphocytes; and c. administering a second agent based on the determined expression profile.

Disclosed herein are methods for treating a cancer comprising: a. administering a Btk inhibitor to a subject sufficient to result in an increase or appearance in the blood of a subpopulation of lymphocytes defined by immunophenotyping; b. determining the expression profile of one or more biomarkers from one or more subpopulation of lymphocytes; and c. administering a second agent based on the determined expression profile.

Compositions are provided that target biological therapeutic agents to mucosal defects in the gastrointestinal tract by means of antacid mucosal protective agents that bind selectively to such defects.

Compositions are provided that target biological therapeutic agents to mucosal defects in the gastrointestinal tract by means of antacid mucosal protective agents that bind selectively to such defects.

A composition comprising Bidens pilosa or an active compound isolated from the Bidens pilosa for use in treating, inhibiting and/or decreasing the presence of pathogenic gut microbiota in an animal in need thereof is disclosed. The pathogenic gut microbiota are at least one selected from the group consisting of Brachyspira, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) and Rotavirus (RV). The composition is also for use in treating, inhibiting and/or decreasing occurrence of swine diarrhea, swine dysentery, swine viral infection and increasing the percentage of swine carcass and bone weight. In one embodiment, the composition is for use in treating, inhibiting and/or decreasing occurrence of swine dysentery associated with Brachyspira.

A method of treating coronavirus infection, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition, wherein the composition comprises one or more compounds of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A method of treating coronavirus infection, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition, wherein the composition comprises one or more compounds of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.