We have developed a modified indirect ELISA (MI-ELISA) using the spherical body protein-4 (SBP4) of Babesia bovis to detect antibody against diverse isolates through all infection stages in cattle. This SBP4 MI-ELISA was evaluated for sensitivity and specificity against field sera and sera from cattle infected experimentally with various doses and isolates as well as in detecting acute and persistent infection. The diagnostic specificity of the SBP4 MI-ELISA using IFA-negative sera was 100%, significantly higher than the RAP-1 cELISA (90.4%); the diagnostic sensitivity of the SBP4 MI-ELISA was 98.7% using the IFA-positive sera, in contrast to that of the RAP-1 cELISA at 60%. Results demonstrate excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the novel SBP4 MI-ELISA for cattle with acute and long-term carrier infections. Use of the SBP4 MI-ELISA assay in countries that have B. bovis-endemic herds will be pivotal in preventing the spread of this disease to non-endemic herds.

The present invention is directed to fluorescent protein biosensors based on oligonucleotide cross reactive sensor arrays including a selective and a non-selective protein surface binding domain for protein detection. Interaction of different protein isoforms with the sensors of this invention yields a unique optical signature for each protein. The unique optical signature allows differentiating between closely related protein isoforms and diagnosing diseases and disorders associated with the proteins also in biofluids.

Activity-based probes that can be used to selectively identify and characterize enzymes that are involved in different phases of xenobiotic metabolism in a host and its microbiota population(s) are described. The activity-based probes described specifically label only their target active enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and therefore provide a measurement of true protein functional activity rather than transcript or protein abundance. The activity-based probes also provide multimodal profiling of these active enzymes. Methods for preparing the activity based probes and exemplary methods for their use also are disclosed.

Methods of improving patient safety and reducing undesirable side effects for patients considering therapeutic treatment using monomethyl fumarate and prodrugs of monomethyl fumarate are disclosed. In particular, a method of treating a disease in a patient in need of such treatment is provided. The method comprises testing the patient for a propensity for a deficiency in tissue glutathione S-transferase theta 1 enzyme (GSTT1) levels. Thereafter, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound selected from monomethyl fumarate (MMF), a prodrug of monomethyl fumarate, and combinations thereof is administered to the patient. During the treatment of the disease, blood lymphocyte concentration is periodically tested in the patient at a predetermined time interval length that is based on the enzyme level propensity testing result.

Process for in vitro diagnosis and/or monitoring and/or prognosis and/or theranosis of hepatic disorders from a biological sample originating from a subject, in which process the presence and/or the concentration of the marker ADH1B (SEQ ID NO.2) and/or the presence and/or the concentration of the combination of the markers ADH1B (SEQ ID NO.2) and ADH1A(SEQ ID NO.1) is determined.

The invention relates to cardiovascular disease, and particularly, although not exclusively, to cardiovascular disease biomarkers and their use in methods of diagnosis and prognosis. The invention also extends to diagnostic and prognostic kits utilising the biomarkers of the invention for diagnosing or prognosing cardiovascular disease.

The invention relates to a combination of biomarkers and their use in brain injury or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) detection.

The present invention provides an assay for detection of oxidized glutathione (GSSG).

We have developed a modified indirect ELISA (MI-ELISA) using the spherical body protein-4 (SBP4) of Babesia bovis to detect antibody against diverse isolates through all infection stages in cattle. This SBP4 MI-ELISA was evaluated for sensitivity and specificity against field sera and sera from cattle infected experimentally with various doses and isolates as well as in detecting acute and persistent infection. The diagnostic specificity of the SBP4 MI-ELISA using IFA-negative sera was 100%, significantly higher than the RAP-1 cELISA (90.4%); the diagnostic sensitivity of the SBP4 MI-ELISA was 98.7% using the IFA-positive sera, in contrast to that of the RAP-1 cELISA at 60%. Results demonstrate excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the novel SBP4 MI-ELISA for cattle with acute and long-term carrier infections. Use of the SBP4 MI-ELISA assay in countries that have B. bovis-endemic herds will be pivotal in preventing the spread of this disease to non-endemic herds.

The present invention is directed to fluorescent molecular sensor based on Thiazole Orange for protein detection. Interaction of the protein target with the molecular sensors of this invention results in a significant increase in the fluorescence emission. The generation of light output signal enables one to detect protein biomarkers associated with different diseases or detecting the protein of interest also in living cells.