The present disclosure provides a composition for submucosal injection including a divalent cation and an oligosaccharide obtained by exposing powdered polysaccharides to irradiation, heat, ultrasound, or ultraviolet radiation. The composition may be provided as a single solution; or the divalent cation and the oligosaccharide may be separately packaged, with the divalent cation being provided in solution form and the oligosaccharide being provided in powder form. The divalent cation may be 0.1-0.5% w/v of Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Ba.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, or any combination thereof. The oligosaccharide may be 0.5-2% w/v of degraded sodium alginate, degraded xanthan gum, degraded dextran, degraded welan gum, degraded gellan gum, degraded diutan gum, or any combination thereof. When the divalent cation is in contact with the oligosaccharide, viscosity of the composition is greater than 1000 cP, and injection pressure of the composition falls within a range of 2.5-4 kgf.

The present invention relates to an aqueous composition for ophthalmic use comprising pepstatin and alginic acid or a salt thereof, and to the use of said composition in a method for the treatment of a disease or symptom of the eyeball and/or periocular region related with or deriving from the presence of pepsin in the lacrimal fluid.

The present invention relates to an aqueous composition for ophthalmic use comprising pepstatin and alginic acid or a salt thereof, and to the use of said composition in a method for the treatment of a disease or symptom of the eyeball and/or periocular region related with or deriving from the presence of pepsin in the lacrimal fluid.

The present invention relates to an aqueous composition for ophthalmic use comprising pepstatin and alginic acid or a salt thereof, and to the use of said composition in a method for the treatment of a disease or symptom of the eyeball and/or periocular region related with or deriving from the presence of pepsin in the lacrimal fluid.

Provided is a nanogel exhibiting anticoagulation and antioxidation activities, including a graphene-like nanosheet and a polysaccharide, which are complexed to form a cross-linked supramolecular structure. Also provided is a method of preparing the nanogel, including carbonizing the polysaccharide by dry heating. By the heating process, at least a portion of the polysaccharide is conversed into the graphene-like nanosheet, thereby forming a graphene-like nanosheet-embedded phenolic-polysaccharide nanogel that has exceptional polyphenolic structure and high binding affinity toward thrombin. Further provided is a method of preventing or treating a disease or a condition susceptible to amelioration by anticoagulants or antioxidants by using the nanogel.

Provided is a nanogel exhibiting anticoagulation and antioxidation activities, including a graphene-like nanosheet and a polysaccharide, which are complexed to form a cross-linked supramolecular structure. Also provided is a method of preparing the nanogel, including carbonizing the polysaccharide by dry heating. By the heating process, at least a portion of the polysaccharide is conversed into the graphene-like nanosheet, thereby forming a graphene-like nanosheet-embedded phenolic-polysaccharide nanogel that has exceptional polyphenolic structure and high binding affinity toward thrombin. Further provided is a method of preventing or treating a disease or a condition susceptible to amelioration by anticoagulants or antioxidants by using the nanogel.

A novel composition for regenerating a cartilage has been demanded, which can achieve a good effect of regenerating a hyaline cartilage that is a nearly normal cartilage without requiring the use of any transplanted cell. The present invention provides a composition for regenerating a cartilage, wherein (a) a monovalent metal salt of low endotoxin alginic acid and (b) SDF-1 are used in combination.

A novel composition for regenerating a cartilage has been demanded, which can achieve a good effect of regenerating a hyaline cartilage that is a nearly normal cartilage without requiring the use of any transplanted cell. The present invention provides a composition for regenerating a cartilage, wherein (a) a monovalent metal salt of low endotoxin alginic acid and (b) SDF-1 are used in combination.

The present invention relates to a mannuronic diacid oligosaccharide composition, comprising a mannuronic diacid of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 9, m is 0, 1 or 2, and m′ is 0 or 1, and wherein the total weight of mannuronic diacids wherein n=1-5 is 80-95% of the total weight of the composition, and the ratio of the total weight of mannuronic diacids wherein n=1-3 to the total weight of mannuronic diacids wherein n=4-7 is between 1.0 and 3.5.

##STR00001##

An oral tablet for delivery of active ingredients to the gastrointestinal tract includes a population of particles and an active ingredient to be delivered to the gastrointestinal tract. The population of particles includes directly compressible (DC) and non-directly compressible (non-DC) sugar alcohol particles, the non-DC particles providing the tablet with a plurality of discrete non-DC areas, and the non-DC areas resulting in induced saliva generation upon mastication of the tablet, wherein the tablet is designed to be masticated and designed to deliver the active ingredient to the gastrointestinal tract as part of the saliva generated upon mastication of the tablet.