The present disclosure relates to methods, compositions and products for treating pain, and/or pain related symptoms, associated with dysmenorrhea in a subject. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of treating pain, and/or pain related symptoms, associated with dysmenorrhea in a subject, the method comprising intrauterine and/or vaginal administration to the subject of an effective amount of an agent that reduces spinal glial activation and thereby treating the pain and/or the pain related symptoms in the subject. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Provided are methods of treating a mammal for a virus infection. The methods comprise (a) increasing ribonuclease amount or activity in a cell infected by the virus; (b) decreasing protein production in a cell infected by the virus; (c) activating an innate immune system in the mammal; (d) reducing migration and/or activation of white blood cells in the mammal; or any combination thereof. Also provided are compositions effective in treating a virus infection when administered to a mammal having the virus infection.

Provided are methods of treating a mammal for a virus infection. The methods comprise (a) increasing ribonuclease amount or activity in a cell infected by the virus; (b) decreasing protein production in a cell infected by the virus; (c) activating an innate immune system in the mammal; (d) reducing migration and/or activation of white blood cells in the mammal; or any combination thereof. Also provided are compositions effective in treating a virus infection when administered to a mammal having the virus infection.

An effective treatment mechanism in controlling a variety of diseases by modulating the inflammatory response often associated with disease is disclosed. The disclosed inventive concept is based on the modulation of TLR4 by use of a member of the Variovorax group or the Rhodobacter group. Specifically, the Gram-negative bacterium Variovorax paradoxus or the Gram-negative bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides is used according to the disclosed inventive concept in the treatment of disease by reducing or inhibiting inflammatory responses.

An effective treatment mechanism in controlling a variety of diseases by modulating the inflammatory response often associated with disease is disclosed. The disclosed inventive concept is based on the modulation of TLR4 by use of a member of the Variovorax group or the Rhodobacter group. Specifically, the Gram-negative bacterium Variovorax paradoxus or the Gram-negative bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides is used according to the disclosed inventive concept in the treatment of disease by reducing or inhibiting inflammatory responses.

In order to provide a safe food-derived ingredient that reduces side effects of a cancer chemotherapeutic agent, and particularly to provide a food, a food ingredient (supplement), and a drug that reduce lethal toxic effects of a chemotherapeutic agent, a cancer chemotherapy supporting agent, a food, and a drug according to the present invention are supporting agents for a cancer chemotherapy in which streptozotocin etc., is administered, contain a lipopolysaccharide constituted of Pantoea bacteria LPS etc. as an active ingredient, and are orally administered.

In order to provide a safe food-derived ingredient that reduces side effects of a cancer chemotherapeutic agent, and particularly to provide a food, a food ingredient (supplement), and a drug that reduce lethal toxic effects of a chemotherapeutic agent, a cancer chemotherapy supporting agent, a food, and a drug according to the present invention are supporting agents for a cancer chemotherapy in which streptozotocin etc., is administered, contain a lipopolysaccharide constituted of Pantoea bacteria LPS etc. as an active ingredient, and are orally administered.

In order to provide a safe food-derived ingredient that reduces side effects of a cancer chemotherapeutic agent, and particularly to provide a food, a food ingredient (supplement), and a drug that reduce lethal toxic effects of a chemotherapeutic agent, a cancer chemotherapy supporting agent, a food, and a drug according to the present invention are supporting agents for a cancer chemotherapy in which streptozotocin etc., is administered, contain a lipopolysaccharide constituted of Pantoea bacteria LPS etc. as an active ingredient, and are orally administered.

The present invention relates to neisserial LPS having a tetra-acylated lipid A moiety, wherein the tetra-acylated lipid A moiety is modified as compared to the lipid A moiety of a wild-type neisserial LPS in that it lacks one of the secondary acyl chains and lacks a primary acyl chain on the 3-position of the glucosamine at the reducing end of the lipid A moiety. The invention further relates to neisserial bacteria that have been genetically modified to reduce expression of either one of the endogenous lpxL1 or lpxL2 genes and to introduce expression of a heterologous pagL gene. The neisserial LPS of the invention has TLR4 agonist properties and is therefore useful in compositions for inducing or stimulating immune responses, such as vaccines, as well as in other forms of immunotherapy.

The present invention relates to neisserial LPS having a tetra-acylated lipid A moiety, wherein the tetra-acylated lipid A moiety is modified as compared to the lipid A moiety of a wild-type neisserial LPS in that it lacks one of the secondary acyl chains and lacks a primary acyl chain on the 3-position of the glucosamine at the reducing end of the lipid A moiety. The invention further relates to neisserial bacteria that have been genetically modified to reduce expression of either one of the endogenous lpxL1 or lpxL2 genes and to introduce expression of a heterologous pagL gene. The neisserial LPS of the invention has TLR4 agonist properties and is therefore useful in compositions for inducing or stimulating immune responses, such as vaccines, as well as in other forms of immunotherapy.