A system uses optical signals to monitor real world inputs and convert them to electrical signals for conventional indication and control systems. Optical signals see use where electrical signals cannot and improve reliability of existing control systems. Optical loops extend to peripheral devices which process the light into discrete or analog light signals. A receiving circuit interprets that signal and converts it to a useable electrical signal of discrete or analog form. The system operates within a range of light wavelength from at least as low as 399 nm up to at least as high as 1801 nm. The system replaces electrical conductors for input cards of Programmable Logic Controller systems. The optical sensing devices withstand electrical surges and immersion into water, do not generate electrical noise, allow for maintenance without shock hazard, and lack susceptibility to electrical or magnetic phenomenon.

A biased connector assembly is disclosed that includes a receptacle configured to mount to a substrate and form an electrical connection therewith, and a plug connector. The receptacle includes a cage that defines a port having a connector positioned therein. The connector may include a slot that is aligned with the port. The port includes one or more biasing members positioned therein. The plug connector includes a pluggable transceiver module to be inserted into the port and a card with at least one contact pad configured to engage with a terminal of the connector. The one or more biasing members may bias the plug module away from the connector such that a stub length of the contact pad is within a predetermined range.

An optical transceiver includes a groove-shaped accommodating portion that extends in a longitudinal direction, the housing being configured to be inserted and removed from a cage of an external device. The optical transceiver includes a movable member attached to the housing and a leaf spring member accommodated in the accommodating portion. The spring member includes a first pressing portion pressing a protrusion toward a first surface of the accommodating portion. The spring member includes and a second pressing portion pressing, in the longitudinal direction, a second surface of the accommodating portion. An end of the spring member toward the first pressing portion is configured to curve away from the first surface of the accommodating portion in the longitudinal direction as a distance from first pressing portion increases.

A connector cage includes a bezel, having a plurality of slots formed therein, and a cage structure including upper and lower sides and multiple partitions extending between the upper and lower sides to define receptacles for receiving cable connectors. Multiple tabs protrude out of at least one of the sides in locations at which the tabs fit into the slots in the bezel, and are folded over the slots so as to secure the cage structure to the bezel. The cage may also include multiple snap-on spring subassemblies, each spring subassembly secured to a front end of a respective partition and comprising leaves that bow outward to contact the shells of the connectors that are inserted into the receptacles adjacent to the partition.

An optical module includes: a quantum photonic integrated circuit; a temperature controller; and a housing configured to house the photonic integrated circuit and the temperature controller. The photonic integrated circuit is attached to the temperature controller, such that the photonic integrated circuit is in thermal communication with the temperature controller, and the temperature controller is attached directly to the housing, such that the temperature controller is in direct thermal communication with the housing.

Protection elements are provided for protecting optical networking systems during shipment. In one implementation, a system includes a card having one or more sockets, each socket having a connector device. The system also includes a pluggable module having an interface configured to connect with the connector device of a respective socket when the pluggable module is fully seated in the socket. A first protection element is configured to be held in place near a front edge of the socket. The first protection element is configured to allow the pluggable module to be arranged in a partially inserted position within the socket. Also, the first protection element is further configured to block the pluggable module from being fully seated in the socket to thereby prevent the interface of the pluggable module from contacting the connector device of the socket.

The present disclosure provides a multi-channel parallel optical receiving device, including a carrier, a light receiving chip, a plurality of optoelectronic diodes disposed on a top surface of an end of the carrier, an optical fiber connector disposed in another end of the carrier, and an arrayed waveguide grating disposed on the top surface of the carrier. The plurality of optoelectronic diodes is electrically connected to the light receiving chip, and an input end of the arrayed waveguide grating is connected to the optical fiber connector for receiving an optical signal from the optical fiber. The optical signals are divided into multi-channel optical signals in parallel. The top surface of an output end of the arrayed waveguide grating is at a predetermined angle, causing the multi-channel optical signals to be reflected by the top surface and to photosensitive surfaces of the optoelectronic diodes arranged in parallel.

Aspects described herein include an apparatus comprising a receptacle comprising a cage dimensioned to receive a pluggable optical module into an interior volume, An opening is defined in an exterior surface of the cage. The apparatus further comprises a heat sink assembly rigidly attached to the cage. The heat sink assembly comprises a thermal interface material extending through the opening into the interior volume. The thermal interface material is configured to compress when the pluggable optical module is received into the interior volume and contacts the thermal interface material.

A system includes a substrate on which a data processor and a connector block are mounted. The connector block has a first array of electrical connectors on a first surface, and a second array of electrical conducts on a second surface that is oriented at an angle between 45° to 135° relative to a main surface of the substrate. At least a portion of the first array of electrical connectors are electrically coupled to the data processor, and the second array of electrical contacts are electrically connected to the electrical contacts of a pluggable module. The pluggable module includes an optical module, at least one first optical connector, a first fiber optic cable optically coupled between the optical module and the first optical connector, and a fiber guide positioned between the optical module and the first optical connector and provides mechanical support for the optical module and the first optical connector.

An apparatus in one embodiment comprises a first stackable transmitter/receiver module. The first stackable transmitter/receiver module comprises a housing having first and second ends and multiple sides between the first and second ends, a first signal connector arranged at the first end of the housing, a second signal connector arranged at the second end of the housing, and one or more sets of interconnects arranged on respective ones of the sides of the housing. The first stackable transmitter/receiver module is configured for mated stacking with one or more additional stackable transmitter/receiver modules via the one or more sets of interconnects. A given one of the sets of interconnects of the first transmitter/receiver module is configured to mate with a corresponding complementary set of interconnects arranged on a side of a housing of one of the additional stackable transmitter/receiver modules when the first and additional modules are stacked.