An optical element includes a transparent substrate; an alignment layer formed over the transparent substrate; and a liquid crystal layer formed over the alignment layer. A plurality of grooves parallel to each other for aligning liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are formed over a surface of the alignment layer in contact with the liquid crystal layer. A pitch of the grooves is greater than or equal to 10 nm and less than or equal to 600 nm. The alignment layer is formed of a copolymer of an energy curable composition and contains fluorine on the surface.

Disclination of an active matrix liquid crystal display device is reduced. Portions of pixel electrodes are formed so as to mutually overlap with a convex portion. If the height of the convex portion is too tall, the amount of light leakage increases due to liquid crystals orienting diagonally with respect to a substrate surface. (See FIG. 1C.) If the height of the convex portion is low, the disclination reduction effect is low. The optimal convex portion height is thus determined.

Provided is a method for controlling liquid crystal alignment. An alignment film has a plurality of first grooves which are elongated in a first direction and area spaced from each other, and a plurality of second grooves which are elongated in a second direction and are spaced from each other by crossing said first grooves. Multistable liquid crystal alignment is enabled selectively by adjusting an aspect ratio of said first grooves and an aspect ratio of said second grooves.

An array substrate, a manufacturing method and a display device are provided in the present disclosure. The array substrate includes first subpixels and second subpixels arranged in rows and columns, each first subpixel includes a first pixel electrode provided with a plurality of first slits arranged parallel to each other, each second subpixel includes a second pixel electrode provided with a plurality of second slits arranged parallel to each other, each first slit is angled at a first tilt angle relative to a reference direction, each second slit is angled at a second tilt angle relative to the reference direction, the first tilt angle is supplementary to the second tilt angle, and the reference direction is an extension direction of each gate line of the array substrate. At least one first subpixel and at least one second subpixel are arranged in each row, and/or at least one first subpixel and at least one second subpixel are arranged in each column.

A liquid crystal display panel and a display device are provided. The liquid crystal display panel has a plurality of sub-pixel units, and each of the sub-pixel units has four photic areas. The liquid crystal display panel further has slits arranged in corresponding positions of an upper electrode and/or a lower electrode corresponding to a boundary of adjacent photic areas, and an opening direction of the slits is parallel to an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules in the photic area where the slits are located at. The corresponding dark fringes can be effectively reduced by arranging the slits in the upper electrode or the lower electrode.

A display panel and a method for fabricating the same are provided. The display panel includes a first substrate, a first protrusion, a first liquid crystal layer, a third liquid crystal layer, a second liquid crystal layer, a second protrusion, and a second substrate in order from top to bottom. The first liquid crystal layer, the second liquid crystal layer, and the third liquid crystal layer include negative type liquid crystal molecules. An absolute value of a dielectric anisotropy parameter of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer and an absolute value of a dielectric anisotropy parameter of the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer are both greater than an absolute value of a dielectric anisotropy parameter of the liquid crystal molecules in the third liquid crystal layer.

An electro-optical liquid crystal cell comprising a first substrate, a first layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) on the first substrate, a first layer of WSe.sub.2 on the first layer of ITO on the first substrate, and a layer of liquid crystal on the first layer of WSe.sub.2 on the first layer of ITO on the first substrate. Furthermore, the electro-optical liquid crystal cell can comprise a second layer of WSe.sub.2, a second layer of ITO, and a second substrate. This WSe.sub.2 cell exhibits the required electro-optic effect needed for a liquid crystal display. This WSe.sub.2 cell exhibits high optical transmission.

A liquid crystal display device has pixels in a TFT substrate, each of the pixels has a TFT. An organic insulting film 108 is formed to cover the TFT. A first electrode 109 and a second electrode 111 are formed above the organic insulting film 108 with an inorganic insulating film 110 placed between the first electrode 109 and the second electrode 111. An alignment film is formed on the first electrode 109 and the second electrode 111. The second electrode 111 connects with the TFT through a contact hole formed in the organic insulating film 108. A cross section of the organic insulating film 108 that includes the contact hole and is parallel to the second direction has a convex section and a concave section 70 at a bank located near the contact hole, the convex section being located closer to the contact hole than the concave section 70.

A liquid crystal device is provided with a first light-shielding member, a second light-shielding member, a third light-shielding member, and a fourth light-shielding member along an edge of a pixel electrode, and liquid crystal molecules are set with a pretilt direction (an alignment direction) in a direction intersecting both a first direction and a second direction and facing a second intersection region between the third light-shielding member and the fourth light-shielding member. In addition, at a lower layer side of the pixel electrode, a convex portion extending along an end portion of the pixel electrode is provided. The pixel electrode avoids overlapping, in a region along both the first light-shielding member and the second light-shielding member, with the convex portion, and overlaps, in a region along both the third light-shielding member and the fourth light-shielding member, with the convex portion.

The present disclosure provides a curved panel and a display device that include a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal. The liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of first liquid crystal molecules near the first substrate, and a plurality of second liquid crystal molecules near the second substrate. The curved panel includes a central region, a first region and a second region located at both sides of the central region. The second substrate is disposed near a light-emitting side of the curved panel. A pretilt angle of the first liquid crystal molecules is greater than a pretilt angle of the second liquid crystal molecules.