Display defects of a display device are reduced. The display quality of a display device is improved. A reliable display device is provided. A display device includes a substrate, a conductive layer over the substrate, and a transistor and a light-emitting element over the conductive layer. The transistor and the light-emitting element are each electrically insulated from the conductive layer. The transistor and the light-emitting element each overlap with the substrate with the conductive layer located therebetween. A constant potential is supplied to the conductive layer. The display device may further include a resin layer. In that case, the conductive layer overlaps with the substrate with the resin layer located therebetween. The resin layer has a thickness of more than or equal to 0.1 m and less than or equal to 3 m, for example. The resin layer has a 5% weight-loss temperature of lower than 400 C., for example.

A display device comprising a spatial light modulator having a display polariser arranged on one side is provided with an additional polariser arranged on the same side as the display polariser and a polar control retarder between the additional polariser and the display polariser. The polar control retarder includes a liquid crystal retarder having two surface alignment layers disposed adjacent to a layer of liquid crystal material on opposite sides. The surface alignment layers provide alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material with a twist. The out-of-plane orientation of the twisted layer of liquid crystal material is modified across at least one region of the display device to provide a transmission function in response to the measured location of an off-axis snooper, achieving increased size of polar region for which desired uniformity of security factor, or reduced distraction across the display to the driver in an automotive application is achieved.

Methods are provided for making layers with nano- and micro-patterned topographies by laser action or inkjet printing on a first surface. These topographies have a periodicity of 5 nm to 500 m in a first direction in the plane of the first surface. These layers can be used as anisotropically patterned alignment layers in electro-optical devices and generate an orientational order of at least 0.30.

A graphene and liquid crystal device comprising a substrate, a layer of graphene on the substrate, and a layer of liquid crystal on the layer of graphene. A method of making a graphene and liquid crystal device comprising the steps of providing a substrate, depositing a layer of graphene on the substrate, and depositing a layer of liquid crystals on the layer of graphene.

Disclosed are a conductive alignment layer, a manufacture method of the conductive alignment layer, a display substrate comprising the conductive alignment layer and a display device which relate to the technology of LCD, simplify the manufacture method of conductive layer and alignment layer and also reduce the complexity in manufacturing a LCD device by preparing the conductive layer and the alignment layer in the substrate simultaneously through utilizing a material possessing both conductivity and alignment, without the need of preparing the conductive layer and the alignment layer separately.

A variable transmittance optical stack and a manufacturing method for the same, and a smart window including the same are proposed, and the variable transmittance optical stack includes a first polarizing plate, a first electrode layer formed on one surface of the first polarizing plate, a second polarizing plate opposing the first polarizing plate, a second electrode layer formed on one surface of the second polarizing plate, and opposing the first electrode layer, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer includes conductive polymers, and the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer have physical alignment structures on at least a part of regions thereof by a rubbing manner.

A vehicle or other system may have windows. A window may include an outer glass layer having a concave inner surface and an inner glass layer having a convex inner surface. Transparent conductive electrodes may be formed on the concave inner surface and the convex outer surface. A liquid crystal layer such as a nanocapsule guest-host liquid crystal layer may be interposed between the transparent conductive electrodes. During manufacturing, a first layer of liquid crystal may be coated onto the transparent electrode on the outer glass layer, and a second layer of liquid crystal may be coated onto the transparent electrode on the inner glass layer. The two coated glass layers may then be pressed together in a vacuum chamber so that the first and second liquid crystal layers merge and become a homogenous layer, thereby removing surface irregularities in the liquid crystal layers and reducing undesired haze.

A substrate for a liquid crystal display device includes: a substrate; and an alignment film on the substrate, the alignment film including an alignment material of a photo alignment material and a conductive particle.

Methods are provided for making layers with nano- and micro-patterned topographies by laser action or inkjet printing on a first surface. These topographies have a periodicity of 5 nm to 500 m in a first direction in the plane of the first surface. These layers can be used as anisotropically patterned alignment layers in electro-optical devices and generate an orientational order of at least 0.30.

A light adjustment device includes a panel unit in which a plurality of light adjustment panels are stacked in a first direction, each light adjustment panel being shaped as a polygon and including a first substrate that is translucent and a second substrate that is translucent and overlapping the first substrate, and a light source disposed on one side relative to the panel unit in the first direction.