A control unit is configured to control torque of a fixing motor and torque of a pressing motor such that tangential force at a part holding paper in cooperation with a fixing member in a pressing member is equal to or greater than tangential force at a part holding paper in cooperation with the pressing member in the fixing member, and that the relation between the tangential force at the part of the pressing member and the tangential force at the part of the fixing member changes in accordance with the smoothness of paper.

An image forming apparatus includes a shutter spring engaging with a cover at one end while engaging with a shutter at another end, configured to urge the shutter for a closed state from an open state, a buffer plate supported in a rotatable manner, configured to push the shutter for the open state from the closed state, and a buffer spring held between the buffer plate and the shutter, configured to urge the buffer plate in a direction separating from the shutter. In the image forming apparatus, elastic force of the buffer spring is greater than elastic force of the shutter spring, the buffer plate presses the shutter via the buffer spring, and a length of the buffer spring is greater than a solid height of the buffer spring when the shutter is pushed by the buffer plate to be moved to a position of the open state.

In an image forming apparatus, a belt unit, a process cartridge, and an exposure unit are arranged in this order in a first direction such that the belt unit is positioned at an upstream side of the process cartridge in the first direction and the exposure unit is positioned at a downstream side of the process cartridge in the first direction. The photosensitive drum is engaged to a positioning member from an upstream side of the positioning member in the first direction. A pressing member presses the process cartridge from the upstream side toward the downstream side of the process cartridge in the first direction. The pressing member moves between a first position, at which the pressing member presses the process cartridge, and a second position, at which pressing of the pressing member to the process cartridge is released.

A developing device includes a developing housing that contains developer; a developer carrier that transports the developer; a layer-thickness regulating member that is provided for an upstream gap between the developer carrier and the developing housing and that regulates a layer thickness of the developer; and a sealing member that is provided for a downstream gap between the developer carrier and the developing housing. The sealing member is fixed to the developing housing at one side and is in contact with the developer on the developer carrier at the other side. The sealing member has cuts extending from a free end of the sealing member by approximately 60% or more of a dimension of the sealing member from the free end to a fixed end in the width direction, and is at an angle of approximately 30° or less with respect to a reference line.

A cleaning device in accordance with the present disclosure includes a cleaning member to clean toner on an image bearer, a toner conveyor that rotates to convey toner cleaned by the cleaning member, and an agitator that includes a bent portion that is in contact with the toner conveyor, and the agitator vibrates due to the rotation of the toner conveyor. The agitator includes a plurality of arm members, and a first end of a first arm member of the plurality of arm members is attached to a second end of a second arm member of the plurality of arm members.

An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit, a paper loading base on which manual-feed paper is loaded, a manual-feed paper conveying unit, and a dustproof cover which covers the paper loading base being in the overhang state. The paper loading base has a lower end rotatably supported on one outer surface portion of the device main body, and is opened from an upper end thereof and disposed at a predetermined oblique angle or in a horizontal overhang state such that an overhang side becomes an upper side in an oblique direction. The manual-feed paper conveying unit is conveys the manual-feed paper on the paper loading base onto a paper conveyance path one by one. The dustproof cover includes a base which engages with the paper loading base, and an opening-and-closing cover which is rotatably connected to the base and is opened upwardly on the overhang side.

An optical scanning device is provided with a housing, a plurality of laser light sources, and a substrate. The laser light sources are attached to a side wall of the housing in a state wherein three terminals are protruding outward. The substrate is disposed to face an outer surface of the side wall of the housing. The laser light sources include: a first laser light source having a predetermined angle with respect to the substrate; and a second laser light source having a symmetrical angle to the angle of the first laser light source with respect to the substrate. In the first laser light source, only one of the three terminals is bent in the direction to be separated from other two terminals, and the second laser light source is disposed by inverting 180° a laser light source having a configuration same as that of the first laser light source.

Provided is an electrophotographic apparatus, including an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit arranged in a non-abutment manner with respect to the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a cleaning unit or a developing unit arranged in abutment against the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a transferring unit.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner containing: toner particles; and silica particles having a compaction aggregation degree of from 60% to 95% and a particle compaction ratio of from 0.20 to 0.40, an electrostatic charge image developer containing the electrostatic charge image developing toner, and a toner cartridge that accommodates the electrostatic charge image developing toner and is detachable from an image forming apparatus.

An electrostatic charge image developer includes an electrostatic charge image developing toner that includes toner particles, and an external additive which is added to the toner particles and which includes silica particles whose compression aggregation degree is from 60% to 95% and particle compression ratio is from 0.20 to 0.40, and a carrier for developing an electrostatic charge image that includes a core particle and a resin coated layer which covers a surface of the core particle and that has a surface roughness Ra (based on JIS-B0601) of 0.5 μm or less and a circularity of 0.975 or more.