Processes for treating an autoimmune disease or condition by decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in a subject in need of such expression changes are provided. The processes include administering to the subject a composition including at least 0.5% of cinnamtannin D-1 and/or cinnamtannin B-1. The processes further include decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in the subject by the step of administering at the desired concentration or for the desired time wherein the composition may increase or decrease the relative expression levels of the genes or proteins while simultaneously ameliorating, preventing, or modulating a cardiac event in the subject.

Processes for treating an autoimmune disease or condition by decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in a subject in need of such expression changes are provided. The processes include administering to the subject a composition including at least 0.5% of cinnamtannin D-1 and/or cinnamtannin B-1. The processes further include decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in the subject by the step of administering at the desired concentration or for the desired time wherein the composition may increase or decrease the relative expression levels of the genes or proteins while simultaneously ameliorating, preventing, or modulating a cardiac event in the subject.

An embodiment of the present invention provides an herbal medicinal tablet formulation for treating obesity which can be prescribed based on Sasang constitutional medicine, including:

an ephedra powder agent of which ephedrine content is concentrated to be 3.0 to 4.0%, which is greater than 0.5 to 2.5% when it is in a natural state, and of which the ephedrine content is maintained constant at 3.0 to 4.0%; and a side-effect-preventing powder agent for each constitution prescribed based on Sasang constitutional medicine in order to prevent a side effect of the ephedra powder agent, wherein a weight ratio of the ephedra powder agent and the side-effect-preventing powder agent is 8-10:1 to 9-11:1.

An embodiment of the present invention provides an herbal medicinal tablet formulation for treating obesity which can be prescribed based on Sasang constitutional medicine, including:

an ephedra powder agent of which ephedrine content is concentrated to be 3.0 to 4.0%, which is greater than 0.5 to 2.5% when it is in a natural state, and of which the ephedrine content is maintained constant at 3.0 to 4.0%; and a side-effect-preventing powder agent for each constitution prescribed based on Sasang constitutional medicine in order to prevent a side effect of the ephedra powder agent, wherein a weight ratio of the ephedra powder agent and the side-effect-preventing powder agent is 8-10:1 to 9-11:1.

The present invention is directed to a functional chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients boosting in mental clarity and concentration, wherein said active ingredients are selected among Shilajit, Ashwagandha, coenzyme Q10, L-Tirosine, Rhodiola, Bacopa monnieri, L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC), Guayusa, Phosphatidylserine (preferably GMO free), and piperine (i.e. blackpepper extract). The present invention is also directed to a functional chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients providing alleviation of fatigue and enhancement of energy, wherein said active ingredients are selected among Shilajit, coenzyme Q10, citrulline malate, Siberian Ginseng, L-Tyrosine, Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), Hericium erinaceus (Lion's mane), Coconut Oil powder, Shilajit, Guayusa, Resveratrol and piperine (blackpepper extract).

The present invention is directed to a functional chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients boosting in mental clarity and concentration, wherein said active ingredients are selected among Shilajit, Ashwagandha, coenzyme Q10, L-Tirosine, Rhodiola, Bacopa monnieri, L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC), Guayusa, Phosphatidylserine (preferably GMO free), and piperine (i.e. blackpepper extract). The present invention is also directed to a functional chewing gum comprising a gum base and active ingredients providing alleviation of fatigue and enhancement of energy, wherein said active ingredients are selected among Shilajit, coenzyme Q10, citrulline malate, Siberian Ginseng, L-Tyrosine, Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), Hericium erinaceus (Lion's mane), Coconut Oil powder, Shilajit, Guayusa, Resveratrol and piperine (blackpepper extract).

Compositions comprising thermo-modified nutshells, for example hazelnut shells, are described herein. The compositions can also comprise one or more feed additives, pharmaceutically acceptable diluents and/or excipients. Also included are methods for producing the thermo-modified nutshell compositions, and methods for using the compositions to treat diarrhea and adsorb toxins as well as promote growth and improve the overall health in humans and other animals.

Compositions comprising thermo-modified nutshells, for example hazelnut shells, are described herein. The compositions can also comprise one or more feed additives, pharmaceutically acceptable diluents and/or excipients. Also included are methods for producing the thermo-modified nutshell compositions, and methods for using the compositions to treat diarrhea and adsorb toxins as well as promote growth and improve the overall health in humans and other animals.

Processes for treating an autoimmune disease or condition by decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in a subject in need of such expression changes are provided. The processes include administering to the subject a composition including at least 0.5% of cinnamtannin D-1 and/or cinnamtannin B-1. The processes further include decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in the subject by the step of administering at the desired concentration or for the desired time wherein the composition may increase or decrease the relative expression levels of the genes or proteins while simultaneously ameliorating, preventing, or modulating a cardiac event in the subject.

Processes for treating an autoimmune disease or condition by decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in a subject in need of such expression changes are provided. The processes include administering to the subject a composition including at least 0.5% of cinnamtannin D-1 and/or cinnamtannin B-1. The processes further include decreasing expression of a CD274 gene and/or a PD-L1 protein and increasing expression of a PDCD1 gene and/or a PD-1 protein in the subject by the step of administering at the desired concentration or for the desired time wherein the composition may increase or decrease the relative expression levels of the genes or proteins while simultaneously ameliorating, preventing, or modulating a cardiac event in the subject.