The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating obesity, wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains Polygalin C as an active ingredient. The Polygalin C not only reduces the accumulation of lipids by inhibiting the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes, but also inhibits adipose tissue generation factors and adipogenic factors and modulates AMPK/ACC and MAPK/Akt signaling pathways to inhibit the differentiation of adipocytes, and thus can treat obesity more effectively. In addition, the present invention inhibits adipogenic factors and inflammatory factors in a free fatty acid-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cell model, and thus can effectively treat and prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

The present invention relates in some aspects to compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical, nutritional compositions, etc.), formulations, and food or beverage products comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of (a) -alanine or a derivative of -alanine, and (b) at least one agent that inhibits the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) pathway or a pathway which converges downstream with the NMDA pathway. The compositions, formulations, and food or beverage products are useful for enhancing physical performance, reducing -alanine-induced paraesthesia, and improving tolerance and compliance to higher doses of -alanine, thereby reducing the length of time it takes to achieve peak effect of -alanine, and increasing the magnitude of peak effect on physical performance in a human or animal.

The present invention relates in some aspects to compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical, nutritional compositions, etc.), formulations, and food or beverage products comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of (a) -alanine or a derivative of -alanine, and (b) at least one agent that inhibits the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) pathway or a pathway which converges downstream with the NMDA pathway. The compositions, formulations, and food or beverage products are useful for enhancing physical performance, reducing -alanine-induced paraesthesia, and improving tolerance and compliance to higher doses of -alanine, thereby reducing the length of time it takes to achieve peak effect of -alanine, and increasing the magnitude of peak effect on physical performance in a human or animal.

The present invention relates in some aspects to compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical, nutritional compositions, etc.), formulations, and food or beverage products comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of (a) -alanine or a derivative of -alanine, and (b) at least one agent that inhibits the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) pathway or a pathway which converges downstream with the NMDA pathway. The compositions, formulations, and food or beverage products are useful for enhancing physical performance, reducing -alanine-induced paraesthesia, and improving tolerance and compliance to higher doses of -alanine, thereby reducing the length of time it takes to achieve peak effect of -alanine, and increasing the magnitude of peak effect on physical performance in a human or animal.

There is disclosed the use of a composition for promoting neuronal growth of neurons in tissues of the central or peripheral nervous system. There is also disclosed a method for inducing proliferation or differentiation of neuronal cells.

There is disclosed the use of a composition for promoting neuronal growth of neurons in tissues of the central or peripheral nervous system. There is also disclosed a method for inducing proliferation or differentiation of neuronal cells.

There is disclosed the use of a composition for promoting neuronal growth of neurons in tissues of the central or peripheral nervous system. There is also disclosed a method for inducing proliferation or differentiation of neuronal cells.

The invention comprises a biomedically active/delivery site specific capsule-in-capsule liver supplement and method of use thereof. A first set of constituents, of an outer capsule, of a capsule-in-capsule liver supplement, comprises one or more of choline and phosphatidylcholine; a second set of constituents, of an inner capsule, comprise one or more of methionine, glycyrrhetinic acid, silymarin, and phosphatidylcholine; and either capsule optionally contains one or more liver aiding/regulating natural products, where the outer capsule dissolves in the stomach and the inner capsule dissolves in the small intestine. Thus, the dual dissolution process in controlled environments results in complementary and synergistic delivery of liver regulating molecules in a bioavailable form ready for transport through the wall of the small intestine. Further, constituents of the capsule-in-capsule liver supplement include multiple inputs into the methionine cycle, which facilitates/synergistically aids the body's use of the methionine cycle, such as in liver regulation.

The invention comprises a biomedically active/delivery site specific capsule-in-capsule liver supplement and method of use thereof. A first set of constituents, of an outer capsule, of a capsule-in-capsule liver supplement, comprises one or more of choline and phosphatidylcholine; a second set of constituents, of an inner capsule, comprise one or more of methionine, glycyrrhetinic acid, silymarin, and phosphatidylcholine; and either capsule optionally contains one or more liver aiding/regulating natural products, where the outer capsule dissolves in the stomach and the inner capsule dissolves in the small intestine. Thus, the dual dissolution process in controlled environments results in complementary and synergistic delivery of liver regulating molecules in a bioavailable form ready for transport through the wall of the small intestine. Further, constituents of the capsule-in-capsule liver supplement include multiple inputs into the methionine cycle, which facilitates/synergistically aids the body's use of the methionine cycle, such as in liver regulation.

The invention comprises a biomedically active/delivery site specific capsule-in-capsule liver supplement and method of use thereof. A first set of constituents, of an outer capsule, of a capsule-in-capsule liver supplement, comprises one or more of choline and phosphatidylcholine; a second set of constituents, of an inner capsule, comprise one or more of methionine, glycyrrhetinic acid, silymarin, and phosphatidylcholine; and either capsule optionally contains one or more liver aiding/regulating natural products, where the outer capsule dissolves in the stomach and the inner capsule dissolves in the small intestine. Thus, the dual dissolution process in controlled environments results in complementary and synergistic delivery of liver regulating molecules in a bioavailable form ready for transport through the wall of the small intestine. Further, constituents of the capsule-in-capsule liver supplement include multiple inputs into the methionine cycle, which facilitates/synergistically aids the body's use of the methionine cycle, such as in liver regulation.