A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a first alignment film formed over the first substrate, a second substrate, a second alignment film formed over the second substrate, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, and a projecting portion formed over the second substrate. The first alignment film is a photo alignment film, and a thickness d2 of the second alignment film over the projecting portion and a film thickness d1 of a portion of the first alignment film facing the projecting portion satisfy formula (2),

d2<d1 (2).

The disclosure provides a reactive perpendicular aligned material, a liquid crystal display panel, and a method for aligning liquid crystals, a general structural formula of the reactive perpendicular aligned material is A-ZR, A is CHCHCOOH; Z is

##STR00001##

where n1; R represents a linear chained or a branched chained alkyl group with 520 C atoms, a CH.sub.2 group in the alkyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, a naphthenic base, CONH, COO, OCO, S, CO or CHCH, or a F atom or a Cl atom substitutes for a H atom in the alkyl group. A head group A plays a role in anchoring, it can be anchored on a surface of a substrate utilizing the COOH group by means of physical reaction, meanwhile, it can strengthen the ability of anchoring liquid crystal molecules by the reaction of a CHCH group and a reactive monomer

The disclosure provides a reactive perpendicular aligned organosilicon material and a manufacture method of a liquid crystal display panel, a general structural formula of the reactive perpendicular aligned organosilicon material is A-R, A is SiCl.sub.3; R represents a linear chained or a branched chained alkyl group with 520 C atoms, a CH.sub.2 group in the alkyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, a naphthenic base, CONH, COO, OCO, S, CO or CHCH, or a F atom or a Cl atom substitutes for a H atom in the alkyl group. A Cl atom in the reactive perpendicular aligned organosilicon material and OH on a surface of the substrate without a PI film can form a hydrogen bond, leading to vertical arrangement of liquid crystal molecules.

A tunable terahertz achromatic wave plate including at least three phase retarders and a tuning device is provided. The at least three phase retarders are sequentially arranged along a first direction, and configured to provide an achromatic range in a terahertz band, so as to reduce a chromatic aberration of a terahertz wave through the tunable terahertz achromatic wave plate in the achromatic range. The at least three phase retarders respectively include a liquid crystal cell. The tuning device is configured to tune a liquid crystal orientation angle of the liquid crystal cell, so as to correspondingly change a birefringence of the at least three phase retarders in the terahertz band. The terahertz wave through the tunable terahertz achromatic wave plate has same phase retardation in the achromatic range. The achromatic range in the terahertz band is determined according to the birefringence of the at least three phase retarders.

A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a first alignment film formed over the first substrate, a second substrate, a second alignment film formed over the second substrate, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, and a projecting portion formed over the second substrate. The first alignment film is a photo alignment film, and a thickness d2 of the second alignment film over the projecting portion and a film thickness d1 of a portion of the first alignment film facing the projecting portion satisfy formula (1) and (2):
0 nm<d2<30 nm(1);
d2<d1(2).

The disclosure provides a polymer used for orientation film material and a method for preparing an orientation film. The polymer is formed by siloxane connecting with polyimide. The pre-tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules can be controlled within a wide range by controlling the content of siloxane in polymer, and the polymer has great heat resistance and mechanical properties. The method for preparing an orientation film of the disclosure comprises forming a precursor of orientation film by dissolving siloxane and precursor of polyimide (diamine monomer, dianhydride monomer) in a solvent, coating the precursor of orientation film on a substrate, and obtaining the orientation film after pre-solidifying and main-solidifying, the steps are simple and the prepared orientation film has a wide range of pre-tilt angle, such that the pre-tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal panels of the orientation film can be controlled within a wide range.

There is provided a liquid crystal device including an element substrate, a counter substrate which is arranged to face the element substrate, a liquid crystal layer which is arranged between the element substrate and the counter substrate, and inorganic alignment films which are arranged between the element substrate and the liquid crystal layer and between the counter substrate and the liquid crystal layer. A silane compound film with which a fullerene is modified is arranged to cover the inorganic alignment film.

A liquid crystal alignment agent allowing formation of an LCD element having good reliability and less residual image, a liquid crystal alignment film, and an LCD element having the liquid crystal alignment film are shown. The liquid crystal alignment agent includes a polymer (A), a photosensitive polysiloxane (B), and a solvent (C). The polymer (A) is obtained by reacting a mixture that includes a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component (a-1) and a diamine component (a-2). The photosensitive polysiloxane (B) is obtained by reacting a polysiloxane (b-1) having an epoxy group with a cinnamic acid derivative (b-2) and an aromatic heterocyclic derivative (b-3) containing nitride, oxide or sulfide.

Organic ligand-capped quantum dots and curable ink compositions containing the organic ligand-capped quantum dots are provided. Also provided are thin films formed from the ink compositions.

A method for liquid crystal alignment is provided, comprising step 1: coating liquid state alignment film material containing paramagnetic chain-like particles on a display region of a substrate; step 2: placing the substrate in a constant magnetic field, so that the paramagnetic chain-like particles are stably arranged in a direction of the magnetic field; step 3: removing the magnetic field; and step 4: adding liquid crystal material into the display region of the substrate, so that molecules of the liquid crystal material align in the orientation of the paramagnetic chain-like particles. According to the method of the present disclosure, the use of rubbing cloth can be avoided, and non-contact liquid crystal alignment can be realized.