Each pixel has a reflection region to produce a display in reflection mode. The first substrate includes: a pixel electrode for each pixel; and a first vertical alignment film. The second substrate includes: an opposite electrode opposite the pixel electrodes; and a second vertical alignment film. Of the first and second vertical alignment films, only the second vertical alignment film exerts an alignment-regulating force that determines a pretilt angle. Each pixel electrode includes a plurality of subpixel electrodes. The opposite electrode has an opening in an area corresponding to one of four corners of at least one of the plurality of subpixel electrodes. Liquid crystal molecules in a thickness-wise middle portion of the liquid crystal layer on the subpixel electrode are oriented toward the opening.

The present application discloses a fringe field driven liquid crystal display panel. The fringe field driven liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate having a first glass layer and a first alignment film on the first glass layer; a second substrate facing the first substrate and having a second glass layer and a second alignment film on the second glass layer; and a liquid crystal layer between the first alignment film and the second alignment film. A first main optical axis of the first glass layer and a second main optical axis of the second glass layer are non-parallel to each other and have an included angle α. The first alignment film and the second alignment film have non-parallel rubbing angles, configured to reduce light leakage and color shift in the fringe field driven liquid crystal display panel.

A transparent device for use in optical applications, and methods for using and manufacturing the device are disclosed. The device generally requires several layers, including (i) a first layer comprising a transparent conductive oxide (such as indium tin oxide (ITO)), (ii) a second layer comprising a transparent semiconductor (e.g., a pn-heterojunction or a pn-homojunction), the second layer having a surface facing the first layer, (iii) a third layer comprising a liquid crystal (such as E7), the third layer having a surface facing the second layer, and (iv) a fourth layer comprising either a second transparent conductive oxide or a second transparent semiconductor, the fourth layer having a surface facing the third layer. When light illuminates a surface of the transparent metal oxide pn-heterojunction or transparent metal oxide pn-homojunction, it induces photoconductivity, modifying the surface charges.

Provided are a transmittance variable window that maximizes user convenience and a moving means including the same including a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; a first electrode and a first alignment layer sequentially stacked on a surface of the first substrate, the surface facing the second substrate; a second electrode and a second alignment layer sequentially stacked on a surface of the second substrate, the surface facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer; a first polarizing plate disposed on a surface of the first substrate, the surface facing away from the second substrate; and a second polarizing plate disposed on a surface of the second substrate, the surface facing away from the first substrate, wherein if a potential difference applied between the first electrode and the second electrode is V, considering an incidence light incident on any one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate and a transmitting light passing through the other one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate, a transmittance defined as a ratio of the intensity of the transmitting light to the intensity of the incidence light varies between a minimum transmittance and a maximum transmittance as V changes, and an initial transmittance when V is 0 is greater than the minimum transmittance and less than the maximum transmittance.

A display panel, a display device, and a method for manufacturing a display panel are provided. The display panel includes first and second substrates, first and second alignment films and a liquid crystal layer extending along a first direction and a second direction and sequentially along a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction. The liquid crystal layer includes a column of liquid crystal molecules along the third direction, and includes a first liquid crystal molecule closest to the first alignment film and a second liquid crystal molecule closest to the second alignment film. The first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule have different tilting tendencies with respect to the plane defined by the first direction and the second direction, and form a twist angle.

A transmittance-variable device is provided in the present application. The present application can provide a transmittance-variable device, which can be applied to various applications without causing problems such as a crosstalk phenomenon, a rainbow phenomenon or a mirroring phenomenon, while having excellent transmittance-variable characteristics.

In one example, an eyewear is provided. The eyewear comprises: a lens assembly including a lens and a liquid crystal layer formed on the lens, and a driver circuit coupled with the liquid crystal layer, the driver circuit configured to apply a signal to the liquid crystal layer based on an indication of an intensity of the ambient light to control a light transmittance of the lens assembly.

Provided is an array substrate including gate lines, data lines, and a first alignment layer above a layer where the gate lines are located and a layer where the data lines are located, the gate lines and the data lines being arranged to intersect with each other to divide the array substrate into pixel regions. Each pixel region includes first and second sides opposite to each other and third and fourth sides opposite to each other, each of the first and second sides connecting the third side to the fourth side and extending in one direction, lengths of the first and second sides being greater than lengths of the third and fourth sides, the first alignment layer having a first alignment direction, and each of the first and second sides forming an acute angle with the first alignment direction. A display panel and a display device are also provided.

A liquid crystal phase modulation device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, at least one first spacer, and a first alignment layer. The second substrate is opposite to the first substrate. The liquid crystal layer is between the first substrate and the second substrate. The one first spacer is between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first alignment layer is adjacent to the liquid crystal layer and the first spacer, and has a first alignment direction. The first spacer has a first length in the first alignment direction and a second length in a direction perpendicular to the first alignment direction as view from top, and the first length is greater than the second length.

A method for fabricating a liquid crystal phase modulation device is provided. The method includes detecting thicknesses of a plurality of portions of a reference liquid crystal layer of a reference liquid crystal phase modulation sample; determining a distribution according to the thicknesses of the portions of the reference liquid crystal layer; forming a plurality of spacers over a first substrate in the determined distribution; and combining the first substrate with a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer to form the liquid crystal phase modulation device.