There is provided a holographic projector comprising a hologram engine and a controller. The hologram engine is arranged to provide a hologram comprising a plurality of hologram pixels. Each hologram pixel has a respective hologram pixel value. The controller is arranged to selectively-drive a plurality of light-modulating pixels so as to display the hologram. Displaying the hologram comprises displaying each hologram pixel value on a contiguous group of light-modulating pixels of the plurality of light-modulating pixels such that there is a one-to-many pixel correlation between the hologram and the plurality of light-modulating pixels.

An initial change and a secular change in an optical characteristic and a high frequency characteristic in a case where an optical modulator is mounted in a package of an optical transmission apparatus are suppressed while improving a space utilization rate in the package of the optical transmission apparatus. An optical modulator that is electrically connected to an electric circuit configured on a circuit board, includes a package that houses an optical modulation element, in which the package has, on a bottom surface facing the circuit board, a plurality of first protruding bodies protruding from the bottom surface.

An electro-optical device includes a substrate, a pixel electrode disposed at the substrate, and a pixel circuit portion disposed between the substrate and the pixel electrode. The pixel circuit portion includes a scanning line disposed along a first direction, a data line disposed along a second direction intersecting the first direction, a first constant potential line disposed along the scanning line, a second constant potential line disposed along the data line, and a transistor disposed corresponding to an intersection position of the scanning line and the data line and including a gate electrode electrically coupled to the scanning line, a source region electrically coupled to the data line, and a drain region electrically coupled to the pixel electrode. The pixel circuit portion also includes a coupling portion disposed corresponding to the intersection position and configured to electrically couple the first constant potential line and the second constant potential line.

An electro-optical device includes a translucent substrate, a transistor, a a light-shielding body having light-shielding properties, including a metal and disposed between the substrate and the transistor, a first insulating layer having insulating properties and disposed between the light-shielding body and the transistor, the first insulating layer being in contact with the light-shielding body, and a second insulating layer having insulating properties and disposed between the first insulating layer and the transistor, the second insulating layer being in contact with the first insulating layer. A content of a predetermined element that is not an element of a main component in the first insulating layer is higher than a content of the predetermined element in the second insulating layer.

A front light unit of an embodiment comprises: a light source unit for an image display device; a light guide unit for guiding light incident from the light source unit and outputting the guided light to a display unit; and a holographic optical element unit being opposite to the display unit and disposed on the light guide unit. Therefore, the present invention can adjust the direction of light output from the light source unit and increase the quantity of light transferred to the display unit, using a pattern formed in the holographical optical element unit, thereby improving the efficiency of light supplied from the light source unit and reducing the sizes of the light unit and the display device including the same.

A driving substrate is provided. The driving substrate includes a substrate and a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate. The thin film transistor includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a semiconductor disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer. The thin film transistor is divided into a first active block and a second active block, the first active block and the second active block are separated by a first gap in a first direction, and the first active block and the second active block are connected by a first bridge.

There is provided a holographic projector comprising a hologram engine and a controller. The hologram engine is arranged to provide a hologram comprising a plurality of hologram pixels. Each hologram pixel has a respective hologram pixel value. The controller is arranged to selectively-drive a plurality of light-modulating pixels so as to display the hologram. Displaying the hologram comprises displaying each hologram pixel value on a contiguous group of light-modulating pixels of the plurality of light-modulating pixels such that there is a one-to-many pixel correlation between the hologram and the plurality of light-modulating pixels.

According to an aspect, a display apparatus includes: a first light-transmissive substrate; a second light-transmissive substrate facing the first light-transmissive substrate; a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first light-transmissive substrate and the second light-transmissive substrate, and including polymer dispersed liquid crystal; at least one light-emitting device facing at least one of a side surface of the first light-transmissive substrate or a side surface of the second light-transmissive substrate; and a display controller configured to perform control so as to reduce power consumption based on a signal, the signal being in accordance with a signal of external light intensity information supplied from an external light setting device.

A polarizer of the present disclosure includes a light control layer which includes a plurality of partitions, a transmissive unit which is provided between the partitions and includes a scattering unit thereabove, and a liquid crystal layer disposed above the partitions and the transmissive unit; and a polarizing layer bonded to the light control layer. According to the present disclosure, a structure which restricts a viewing angle is disposed below a polarizer so that information is exposed only to the user, thereby implementing a narrow viewing angle.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a panel structure, its manufacturing method and a projection system, which can improve optical efficiency of the projection system and reduce the volume of the projection system. The panel structure includes: a first substrate, a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a reflective electrode at a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate; a transparent beam-splitting film disposed between the reflective electrode and the liquid crystal layer; and a common electrode disposed at a side of the second substrate facing the first substrate.