The invention provides the Magnetoelectric Effect Material consisted of a single isotope, the alloy of isotopes, or the compound of isotopes. The invention applies enrichment and purification to increase the isotope abundance, to create the density of nuclear exciton by irradiation, and therefore increase the magnetoelectric effect of the crystal of single isotope, the alloy crystal of isotopes and the compound crystal of isotopes. The invention provides the manufacturing method including the selection rules of isotopes, the fabrication processes and the structure of composite materials. The invention belongs to the area of the nuclear science and the improvement of material character. The invention using the transition of entangled multiple photons to achieve the delocalized nuclear exciton. The mix of selected isotopes adjusts the decay lifetime of nuclear exciton and the irradiation efficiency to generate the nuclear exciton.

A permanent magnet includes at least two antiferromagnetic layers and at least two first ferromagnetic layers. A magnetization direction of each first ferromagnetic layer is set, by an exchange coupling, with one of the antiferromagnetic layers of the stack, parallel to and in the same direction as the magnetization directions of the other first ferromagnetic layers. The permanent magnet also includes at least one second ferromagnetic layer. A magnetization direction of each second ferromagnetic layer is pinned only by RKKY (Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida) coupling with at least one of the first ferromagnetic layers or with at least one other of the second ferromagnetic layers.

A magnetic plate may be provided by a device, comprising: a first magnet, a second magnet, and a third magnet; a plate defining: a first indentation in which the first magnet is disposed; a second indentation in which the second magnet is disposed; and a third indentation in which the third magnet is disposed; and a contact surface; and, a target area; wherein: the first indentation, the second indentation, and the third indentation are located on the plate relative to a target area of the plate so that a net magnetic field generated by the first magnet, second magnet, and third magnet has a field strength that is below a predefined threshold within the target area. A keying feature may be provided so as to prevent misalignment between the plate and a device to which it can be magnetically connected.

The disclosure is directed to an iron-nitride material having a polycrystalline microstructure including a plurality of elongated crystallographic grains with grain boundaries, the iron-nitride material including at least one of an -Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 phase and a body-center-tetragonal (bct) phase comprising Fe and N. The disclosure is also directed a method producing an iron-nitride material. The method includes some combinations of preparing a raw material comprising iron, carrying out a microstructure build-up by annealing the prepared raw material at an elevated temperature and subsequently quenching the prepared raw material to produce a microstructure build-up material, annealing the microstructure build-up material, reducing the microstructure build-up material in a hydrogen environment, nitriding the reduced material to produce a nitrided material and subsequently quenching the nitrided material to a martensitic transformation temperature, stress annealing the nitrided material, and magnetic field annealing the stress-annealed material.