An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonaceous material used for an electric double layer capacitor having a high electrostatic capacity and capable of maintaining the high electrostatic capacity and energy density over a long period and a method for producing the same. The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material having a specific surface area of 1,200 m.sup.2/g to 1,800 m.sup.2/g according to a BET method, an R-value of 1.2 or more and a G-band half-value width of 70 cm.sup.−1 or more according to a Raman spectrum.

An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonaceous material used for an electric double layer capacitor having a high electrostatic capacity and capable of maintaining the high electrostatic capacity and energy density over a long period and a method for producing the same. The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material having a specific surface area of 1,200 m.sup.2/g to 1,800 m.sup.2/g according to a BET method, an R-value of 1.2 or more and a G-band half-value width of 70 cm.sup.−1 or more according to a Raman spectrum.

A method for using an integrated battery and device structure includes using two or more stacked electrochemical cells integrated with each other formed overlying a surface of a substrate. The two or more stacked electrochemical cells include related two or more different electrochemistries with one or more devices formed using one or more sequential deposition processes. The one or more devices are integrated with the two or more stacked electrochemical cells to form the integrated battery and device structure as a unified structure overlying the surface of the substrate. The one or more stacked electrochemical cells and the one or more devices are integrated as the unified structure using the one or more sequential deposition processes. The integrated battery and device structure is configured such that the two or more stacked electrochemical cells and one or more devices are in electrical, chemical, and thermal conduction with each other.

A method for using an integrated battery and device structure includes using two or more stacked electrochemical cells integrated with each other formed overlying a surface of a substrate. The two or more stacked electrochemical cells include related two or more different electrochemistries with one or more devices formed using one or more sequential deposition processes. The one or more devices are integrated with the two or more stacked electrochemical cells to form the integrated battery and device structure as a unified structure overlying the surface of the substrate. The one or more stacked electrochemical cells and the one or more devices are integrated as the unified structure using the one or more sequential deposition processes. The integrated battery and device structure is configured such that the two or more stacked electrochemical cells and one or more devices are in electrical, chemical, and thermal conduction with each other.

A metal ion capacitor with outstanding power capabilities having a negative electrode based on hard carbon (HC) and a positive electrode based on a combination of activated carbon (AC) and a sacrificial salt selected from the group consisting of squarate, oxalate, ketomalonate and di-ketosuccinate or a combination thereof. The sacrificial salt is added to AC in the positive electrode as a source of metal ions for pre-doping the HC and to efficiently compensate its high irreversible capacity by providing the metal ions necessary for the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the hard carbon, allowing for a 1:1 and superior mass balances between anode and cathode. Advantageously, the extraordinary performance of this approach has been successfully demonstrated not only in lithium ion capacitors (LICs) but also in other metal ion capacitors such as sodium and potassium ion capacitors.

An electrically conductive base includes a holding body and covering particles. The holding body includes a first super engineering plastic having non-crystallinity. The covering particles are dispersed in the holding body, and each include a center part and a covering part. The center part includes an electrically conductive material. The covering part covers a surface of the center part and includes a second super engineering plastic having crystallinity.

Described are energy storage devices employing a gas storage structure, which can accommodate or store gas evolved from the energy storage device. The energy storage device comprises an electrochemical cell with electrodes comprising metal-containing compositions, like metal oxides, metal nitrides, or metal hydrides, and a solid state electrolyte.

Described are energy storage devices employing a gas storage structure, which can accommodate or store gas evolved from the energy storage device. The energy storage device comprises an electrochemical cell with electrodes comprising metal-containing compositions, like metal oxides, metal nitrides, or metal hydrides, and a solid state electrolyte.

An apparatus for storing hydrogen as protons and electrons separately. The apparatus includes a DC power supply; a hydrogen electrolysis unit including a hydrogen tank adapted to contain hydrogen under pressure and in contact with one or more catalyst electrodes contained in the tank, the one or more catalyst electrodes in electrical connection with the DC power supply; and an electron storage unit for storing electrons, the electron storage unit in electrical connection with the DC power supply and separated from the hydrogen electrolysis unit. In a proton generation mode, the DC power supply is configured to operate the one or more catalyst electrodes in anode mode to catalyze oxidation of hydrogen in the hydrogen tank to form and store protons on or near the one or more electrodes and store generated electrons in the electron storage unit.

An apparatus for storing hydrogen as protons and electrons separately. The apparatus includes a DC power supply; a hydrogen electrolysis unit including a hydrogen tank adapted to contain hydrogen under pressure and in contact with one or more catalyst electrodes contained in the tank, the one or more catalyst electrodes in electrical connection with the DC power supply; and an electron storage unit for storing electrons, the electron storage unit in electrical connection with the DC power supply and separated from the hydrogen electrolysis unit. In a proton generation mode, the DC power supply is configured to operate the one or more catalyst electrodes in anode mode to catalyze oxidation of hydrogen in the hydrogen tank to form and store protons on or near the one or more electrodes and store generated electrons in the electron storage unit.