The DC operated polarized electromagnet includes a spool around which an excitation coil is wound and that has a central opening, a plunger having first and second armatures, fitted individually, an outer yoke enclosing opposing side faces of the spool so as to attract the first armature, an inner yoke arranged on the inner side of the outer yoke so as to attract the second armature, and permanent magnets arranged between the outer yoke and the inner yoke, and reduces magnetoresistance by setting the thickness of the outer yoke thicker than the thickness of the inner yoke so that convergent magnetic flux in the plunger is diverted into the outer yoke.

An electromagnetic relay includes: a fixed terminal including a fixed terminal main body extending in a first direction, a fixed terminal arm portion, and two fixed contacts; a movable spring including two movable contacts, and extending in a second direction; a backstop; and a fixed terminal retainer. One of the fixed terminal main body and the fixed terminal arm portion is a first side terminal portion facing in the second direction, and the other is a second side terminal portion curving from a first edge of the first side terminal portion in a direction opposite to the second direction. A leg portion of the backstop is provided away from the first side terminal portion in the direction opposite to the second direction, and is provided between the two movable contacts on a projection plane with a perpendicular extending in the second direction when viewed from the first direction.

An electromagnetic relay includes: a fixed terminal including a fixed terminal main body extending in a first direction, a fixed terminal arm portion, and two fixed contacts; a movable spring including two movable contacts, and extending in a second direction; a backstop; and a fixed terminal retainer. One of the fixed terminal main body and the fixed terminal arm portion is a first side terminal portion facing in the second direction, and the other is a second side terminal portion curving from a first edge of the first side terminal portion in a direction opposite to the second direction. A leg portion of the backstop is provided away from the first side terminal portion in the direction opposite to the second direction, and is provided between the two movable contacts on a projection plane with a perpendicular extending in the second direction when viewed from the first direction.

A contactor includes a plurality of switches mechanically coupled to an actuator. The actuator is moveable between operational and tripped positions. Switches that are closed in the operational position are open in the tripped position, and vice versa. The actuator extends through a coil as a core. The coil moves the actuator when an input signal is applied to the coil. A first input circuit receives a power-up input signal to transition the contactor from a tripped position to an operational position. A second input circuit receives a trip signal to transition the contactor from the operational position to the tripped position. First and second switches, coupled to respective first and second ends of the coil, reverse the polarity of the coil each occurrence of the actuator being actuated in preparation for the coil to be energized and magnetically polarized in an opposite direction during a next subsequent actuation.

A circuit breaker having a first micro switch, a second micro switch and a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism drives the first micro switch and the second micro switch, which are arranged in a circuit breaker shell. The first micro switch and the second micro switch are arranged on one side of the shell side by side, and a corresponding first transmission rod and a corresponding second transmission rod in the transmission mechanism respectively drive the first micro switch and the second micro switch. Since the circuit breaker is provided with no external device, the space occupied by the circuit breaker is reduced, thereby facilitating construction and installation. Since the two micro switches are built-in side by side, different signals can be simultaneously output.

An electromagnetic relay includes a spool in which a coil is wound around its outer peripheral surface, and a magnetic core is inserted in its inside; a yoke arranged along the spool; and an insulating member provided between a first member including the coil, and second members including a fixed contact portion, a movable contact portion, an armature and the yoke to contribute to insulation between the first member and the second members, wherein the insulating member is provided with an opening portion at a portion that does not face the second members, and the spool is inserted in the insulating member from the opening portion to be placed in the insulating member.

The disclosure relates to a permanent magnet actuator comprising: a stator iron core having a space therein-side, and having a first wall and a second wall opposing the first wall; a movable element moving reciprocally between the first wall and the second wall, along a moving axis which connects the first wall and the second wall inside the space; a first magnetomotive force supplying body and a second magnetomotive force supplying body disposed respectively on the first wall and the second wall, so as to supply a magnetomotive force to the movable element for the reciprocal movement thereof, wherein, at least one of the first magnetomotive force supplying body and the second magnetomotive force supplying body selectively produces a bidirectional magnetomotive force; a permanent magnet disposed between the first magnetomotive force supplying body and the second magnetomotive force supplying body, and providing a coercive force to the movable element for maintaining the state thereof; and a driving circuit comprising a control unit for controlling a voltage or current that is supplied to the first magnetomotive force supplying body and the second magnetomotive force supplying body.

A magnetic system of an electromagnetic relay comprises a coil, an iron core, a yoke, and an armature. The iron core extends through the coil and has a first end and a second end opposite to the first end. A second part of the yoke is connected to the first end of the iron core and a first part of the yoke extends in a length direction of the iron core and is separated from the coil. The armature is disposed at the second end of the iron core and has a main body and a bending portion bent from the main body by a predetermined angle. The main body faces an end surface of the second end of the iron core. The bending portion is disposed at an inner side of an end portion of the first part of the yoke and faces the iron core.

Nanowire-based mechanical switching devices are described. For example, a nanowire relay includes a nanowire disposed in a void disposed above a substrate. The nanowire has an anchored portion and a suspended portion. A first gate electrode is disposed adjacent the void, and is spaced apart from the nanowire. A first conductive region is disposed adjacent the first gate electrode and adjacent the void, and is spaced apart from the nanowire.

A bistable relay and a bistable actuator are provided. The bistable actuator includes a magnetic latching mechanism and an electromagnet. The magnetic latching mechanism includes a rotation shaft, a pillar-shaped permanent magnet, a columnar hollow magnetic conductor and two shells, and operates between a first and second stable states. The columnar hollow magnetic conductor surrounds the pillar-shaped permanent magnet wrapping the rotation shaft, and maintains a gap with the pillar-shaped permanent magnet. The electromagnet is connected to the columnar hollow magnetic conductor for driving the pillar-shaped permanent magnet to rotate, so as to switch the magnetic latching mechanism to the stable state. During a process that the magnetic latching mechanism is switched to the stable state, the rotation shaft rotates synchronously along with the magnetic latching mechanism to drive an impact system to move relative to a contact system, so as to contact or disconnect the contact points.