The invention relates to vaccines for the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases, and to methods of preparing or delivering such vaccines. In particular, a vaccine for use in the prevention or treatment of disease is used in a dose of, via a parenteral route without adjuvant less than 0.03 .Math.g antigen and with adjuvant less than 0.003 .Math.g antigen, and via a mucosal route without adjuvant less than 1 .Math.g antigen and/or the equivalent of 1.6 × 10.sup.7 PFU and with adjuvant less than 0.04 .Math.g antigen and/or the equivalent of 1.6 × 10.sup.7 PFU

A method of treating a subject can include administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1)/ligand binding agent, thereby disrupting KLRG1 signaling and activating CD8.sup.+ cytotoxic T and/or NK cells. A method of treating cancer can include administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1)/ligand binding agent. The methods can treat various cancers, for example melanoma, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioma, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer.

The present invention is directed to a live-attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis composition comprising an isolated microorganism belonging to a M. tuberculosis MTB VAC strain having a i) PhoP− phenotype by the inactivation by a genetic deletion of the Rv0757 gene, wherein the open-reading frame (ORF) sequence of phoP consists of SEQ ID NO 4, and ii) the deletion of a second gene, Rv2930 (fadD26), that prevents PDIM production (PDIM− phenotype), wherein the open-reading frame (ORF) sequence of fadD26 consists of SEQ ID NO 2, for use in therapy in a human subject in need thereof, wherein the composition is administered to said subject via pulmonary delivery.

The present invention relates to the treatment of subjects having CD20-positive cell proliferative disorders (e.g., B cell proliferative disorders, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas). More specifically, the invention pertains to the treatment of subjects having a B cell proliferative disorder by subcutaneous administration of an anti-CD20/anti-CD3 bispecific antibody.

A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof includes administering in situ to the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a virus or virus-like particle.

A method of inducing a protective immune response against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome beta-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), comprising administering to the upper respiratory tract of a subject an effective amount of an agent that induces a protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2. A dosage form for administration to the upper respiratory tract of a pseudotyped lentiviral vector particle encoding a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome beta-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein or a derivative or fragment thereof.

The present invention relates to using monoterpene or sesquiterpene to permeabilize the blood brain barrier.

Described herein are compositions and methods for inducing Type I interferon production. The compositions described comprise immunostimulatory oligonucleotide duplexes including a 5′ terminal monophosphate-CUGA-3′ (SEQ ID NO. 1) sequence. Compositions comprising the immunostimulatory oligonucleotide duplexes described can be used for the treatment of diseases or disorders that respond to interferons.

Provided are immunostimulatory bacteria with genomes that are modified to, for example, reduce toxicity and improve the anti-tumor activity, such as by increasing accumulation in the tumor microenvironment, particularly in tumor-resident myeloid cells, improving resistance to complement inactivation, reducing immune cell death, promoting adaptive immunity, and enhancing T-cell function. Also provided are immunostimulatory bacteria for use as vaccines, and for delivery of mRNA. The immunostimulatory bacterium comprise genome modifications resulting in an increase in colonization of phagocytic cells, which delivers encoded therapeutic products to phagocytic cells, and permits, among other routes, systemic administration of the immunostimulatory bacteria. The increase in colonization of phagocytic cells also provides for use of immunostimulatory bacteria for direct tissue administration for use as vaccines.

Compositions and methods for inducing a protective mucosal immunity against an antigen in a subject include the step of administering to a mucosal tissue an effective amount of a vaccine composition including the antigen or polynucleotide encoding an antigen associated or encapsulated within carriers such as poly(amine-co-ester) polymers in the form of particles (e.g., solid nanoparticles formed of PACE) or PACE copolymers and/or blends. Typically, the subject has previously been exposed to the antigen, for example, by administering to the same subject via a systemic or mucosal route of administration a priming antigen. In some embodiments, the polynucleotides-based vaccines are messenger RNAs encoding a viral antigen such as a coronavirus spike protein sequence, or a portion thereof. In preferred embodiments, the vaccine composition is administered intranasally.