A hollow cathode includes an insulation plate having cathode holes. Bottom electrodes are below the insulation plate. The bottom electrodes define first holes having a width greater than a width of the cathode holes. Top electrodes are at an opposite side of the insulation plate from the bottom electrodes. The top electrodes define second holes aligned with the first holes along a direction orthogonal to the upper surface of the insulation plate.

A method of wireless communication at a serving base station identifies a potential interference condition based on an uplink/downlink configuration mismatch. The method includes signaling, to a neighbor base station, to restrict transmissions based on the identified potential interference condition. The transmissions may be restricted by beamforming the transmissions into a different direction and/or blocking transmissions on a frequency. The signaling prompts the neighbor base station to restrict downlink transmissions that will potentially interfere with uplink control channel transmissions received at the serving base station, or to restrict uplink transmissions, intended for the neighbor base station, that will potentially interfere with downlink control channel transmissions from the serving base station.

A method of wireless communication at a serving base station identifies a potential interference condition based on an uplink/downlink configuration mismatch. The method includes signaling, to a neighbor base station, to restrict transmissions based on the identified potential interference condition. The transmissions may be restricted by beamforming the transmissions into a different direction and/or blocking transmissions on a frequency. The signaling prompts the neighbor base station to restrict downlink transmissions that will potentially interfere with uplink control channel transmissions received at the serving base station, or to restrict uplink transmissions, intended for the neighbor base station, that will potentially interfere with downlink control channel transmissions from the serving base station.

A power switch may be coupled to a power input, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and a power output. A first switch may be coupled to the first capacitor. A second switch may be coupled to the second capacitor. A current sensor may be configured to measure a first current of the first capacitor and a second current of the second capacitor. A controller may be configured to determine whether the first capacitor and the second capacitor shorts or opens based on the first current and the second current, respectively. The controller may generate one or more alerts based on opening/shorting of a capacitor, and may open a switch based on shorting of a capacitor.

The present disclosure generally pertains to devices and methods for generating thrust in vehicles, for instance in space applications. A heaterless, insertless hollow cathode utilizes AC and pulsed DC electric fields to ionize the propellant gas and generate a plasma plume. The cathode uses an argon microplasma generated in a quartz tube with a tungsten filament and brass ion collector. Free electrons are then drawn from the plasma plume and supplied to a thruster engine.

Disclosed is a conductive layer including photopolymerizable resin having dispersed carbon nanotubes, which is transparent with high electrical conductivity and facilitates the formation of an electrode pattern. A laminate and a transparent electrode, including the conductive layer, are also provided.

A lighting device includes: a light source; a drive circuit that drives the light source to emit a light, and includes a circuit element and a circuit board, on which the circuit element and the light source are arranged; and a case that covers the drive circuit. The circuit board includes a radiation member, disposed in a region where the light source is arranged, for radiating heat generated from the light source. The case is connected with the circuit element, and radiates heat generated from the circuit element.

The present invention relates to a high efficiency hollow cathode and a cathode system applying the same, and comprises: a tube comprising at least two refractory metal parts; a gas providing unit and a gas outlet which are respectively formed at the distal ends of the tube; and an insert mounted inside the tube. According to the present invention, since the present invention constitutes a hollow cathode using more than two substances, the present invention can not only enhance thermal stability, lifespan and efficiency, but also can reduce costs accordingly.

The present disclosure relates to an electron generation apparatus including a discharge pin module provided with a support plate, discharge pins coupled to the support plate, and an elastic connection element electrically connecting a group of discharge pins, a discharge plate placed facing the discharge pins, a support structure positioned at an opposite side to the discharge plate with the support plate interposed between, and provided with a coupling plate to which the discharge pin module and the discharge plate are detachably coupled, and a circuit module provided with a main board positioned apart from the coupling plate at an opposite side to the discharge pin module with the coupling plate interposed between and distribution processing boards connected to the main board to apply individual high-voltage high-frequency pulsed power to the group of discharge pins.

The present disclosure relates to an electron generation apparatus including a discharge pin module provided with a support plate, discharge pins coupled to the support plate, and an elastic connection element electrically connecting a group of discharge pins, a discharge plate placed facing the discharge pins, a support structure positioned at an opposite side to the discharge plate with the support plate interposed between, and provided with a coupling plate to which the discharge pin module and the discharge plate are detachably coupled, and a circuit module provided with a main board positioned apart from the coupling plate at an opposite side to the discharge pin module with the coupling plate interposed between and distribution processing boards connected to the main board to apply individual high-voltage high-frequency pulsed power to the group of discharge pins.