An alkaline electrochemical cell has a central cathode having a corresponding cathode current collector electrically connected with a positive terminal of the electrochemical cell. The cathode current collector has a tubular shape, such as a cylindrical shape or rectangular shape, extending parallel with the length of the central cathode. The cathode current collector is embedded within the central cathode, such as at a medial point of a radius of the central cathode, thereby minimizing the distance between the cathode current collector and any portion of the central cathode, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of the cathode and facilitating charge transfer to the cathode current collector.

A battery includes an air cathode, an anode, an aqueous electrolyte, and a housing, wherein, the housing includes one or more air access ports defining a total vent area, the battery exhibit a current density, a ratio of current density to total vent area is greater than about 100 mA/mm.sup.2, and the aqueous electrolyte comprises an amphoteric fluorosurfactant.

An apparatus, method and system are provided to recover constituent components from single use batteries. In particular, the apparatus, method and system may be used to recover zinc and manganese in the form of sulfates from depleted commercial which in turn may be subsequently used for other applications, such as micronutrients and fertilizers.

A flow battery system includes a first tank including a hydrogen reactant, a second tank including a bromine electrolyte, and at least one cell including a first electrolyte side operably connected to the first tank and a second electrolyte side operably connected to the second tank. The battery system further includes a direct connection line directly connecting the first tank and the second tank and configured such that the hydrogen reactant passes between the first tank and the second tank.

An electrochemical cell comprises a can comprising a cylindrical side wall extending from a closed end wall. The closed end wall comprises a protrusion. The protrusion has a protrusion cavity therein. A pre-formed pellet of a first electrode material is disposed in the protrusion cavity. The electrochemical cell may further comprise a separator defining an inner cavity and separating the inner cavity from an outer cavity. The outer cavity is defined by the can and the separator. The electrochemical cell may further comprise a first electrode material disposed in the outer cavity; and a second electrode material disposed in the inner cavity.

An electrochemical cell comprises a can comprising a cylindrical side wall extending from a closed end wall. The closed end wall comprises a protrusion. The protrusion has a protrusion cavity therein. A pre-formed pellet of a first electrode material is disposed in the protrusion cavity. The electrochemical cell may further comprise a separator defining an inner cavity and separating the inner cavity from an outer cavity. The outer cavity is defined by the can and the separator. The electrochemical cell may further comprise a first electrode material disposed in the outer cavity; and a second electrode material disposed in the inner cavity.

A battery includes an air cathode, an anode, an aqueous electrolyte, and a housing, wherein, the housing includes one or more air access ports defining a total vent area, the battery exhibit a current density, a ratio of current density to total vent area is greater than about 100 mA/mm.sup.2, and the aqueous electrolyte comprises an amphoteric fluorosurfactant.

A printed battery that supplies a transmission and/or reception unit of an RFID tag with an electrical current of at peak ≥ 400 mA includes a layer stack having an anode configured as a layer that contains particulate metallic zinc or a particulate metallic zinc alloy as an active electrode material and a first resilient binder or binder mixture, and a cathode configured as a layer that contains a particulate metal oxide as an active electrode material, at least one conductivity additive to control the electrical conductivity of the cathode, and a second resilient binder or binder mixture, and a separator configured as a layer that electrically insulates the anode and the cathode from one another, a first electrical conductor in direct contact with the anode, and a second electrical conductor in direct contact with the cathode, and a housing that encloses the layer stack.

Alkaline electrochemical cells are provided, containing cathodes with a nickel compound active material, wherein active material particles are coated with at least one of a number of materials so as to improve the shelf life of the electrochemical cell. Methods of preparing such cathodes and electrochemical cells are also provided.

Alkaline electrochemical cells are provided, containing cathodes with a nickel compound active material, wherein active material particles are coated with at least one of a number of materials so as to improve the shelf life of the electrochemical cell. Methods of preparing such cathodes and electrochemical cells are also provided.