A power generation method includes providing power from a first DC power source to a load, while a second DC power source is electrically disconnected from the load, electrically connecting the second DC power source to the load and providing power from the second DC power source to the load if an output voltage from the first DC power source drops below a threshold voltage and an output voltage from the second DC power source is not below the threshold voltage, and electrically disconnecting the first DC power source from the load if an output current of the first DC power source is below a threshold current.

Various embodiments include fuel cell interconnects having a fuel distribution portion having an inlet opening, a fuel collection portion having an outlet opening, and a primary fuel flow field containing channels, wherein the fuel distribution portion comprises at least one raised feature defining a fuel distribution flow path, and the fuel distribution flow path is not continuous with the channels in the primary fuel flow field. The at least one raised feature may include, for example, a network of ribs and/or dots. Further embodiments include interconnects having a fuel distribution portion with a variable surface depth to provide variable flow restriction and/or a plenum with variable surface depth and raised a raised relief feature on the cathode side, and/or varying flow channel depths and/or rib heights adjacent a fuel hole.

A method and a device for producing bipolar plates for fuel cells. A bipolar plate is formed by joining an anode plate to a cathode plate, wherein the anode plate and the cathode plate are formed by forming a substrate plate. In order to provide a cost-effective and automated method, it is proposed that a plate already provided with a reactive coating or catalyst coating, which is transported, automatically driven, via a transport device from the forming device to the joining device, is used as substrate plate.

The present invention aims to provide a curable resin composition excellent in surface curability and deep curability by irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays while maintaining sealability. The present invention provides a curable resin composition including the following ingredients (A) to (D): ingredient (A): a polymer which has one or more (meth)acryloyl groups and has a polyisobutylene backbone containing a —[CH2C(CH3)2]- unit, ingredient (B): a radical polymerization initiator, ingredient (C): a triarylphosphine or a triarylphosphine derivative, and ingredient (D): xanthone or a xanthone derivative.

The present invention aims to provide a curable resin composition excellent in surface curability and deep curability by irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays while maintaining sealability. The present invention provides a curable resin composition including the following ingredients (A) to (D): ingredient (A): a polymer which has one or more (meth)acryloyl groups and has a polyisobutylene backbone containing a —[CH2C(CH3)2]- unit, ingredient (B): a radical polymerization initiator, ingredient (C): a triarylphosphine or a triarylphosphine derivative, and ingredient (D): xanthone or a xanthone derivative.

Provided are separator systems for electrochemical systems providing electronic, mechanical and chemical properties useful for a variety of applications including electrochemical storage and conversion. Embodiments provide structural, physical and electrostatic attributes useful for managing and controlling dendrite formation and for improving the cycle life and rate capability of electrochemical cells including silicon anode based batteries, air cathode based batteries, redox flow batteries, solid electrolyte based systems, fuel cells, flow batteries and semisolid batteries. Disclosed separators include multilayer, porous geometries supporting excellent ion transport properties, providing a barrier to prevent dendrite initiated mechanical failure, shorting or thermal runaway, or providing improved electrode conductivity and improved electric field uniformity. Disclosed separators include composite solid electrolytes with supporting mesh or fiber systems providing solid electrolyte hardness and safety with supporting mesh or fiber toughness and long life required for thin solid electrolytes without fabrication pinholes or operationally created cracks.

Provided are separator systems for electrochemical systems providing electronic, mechanical and chemical properties useful for a variety of applications including electrochemical storage and conversion. Embodiments provide structural, physical and electrostatic attributes useful for managing and controlling dendrite formation and for improving the cycle life and rate capability of electrochemical cells including silicon anode based batteries, air cathode based batteries, redox flow batteries, solid electrolyte based systems, fuel cells, flow batteries and semisolid batteries. Disclosed separators include multilayer, porous geometries supporting excellent ion transport properties, providing a barrier to prevent dendrite initiated mechanical failure, shorting or thermal runaway, or providing improved electrode conductivity and improved electric field uniformity. Disclosed separators include composite solid electrolytes with supporting mesh or fiber systems providing solid electrolyte hardness and safety with supporting mesh or fiber toughness and long life required for thin solid electrolytes without fabrication pinholes or operationally created cracks.

A redox flow battery includes: a cell having a first chamber and a second chamber separated by a membrane; a first tank for storing a first electrolytic solution; a first circulation device for circulating the first electrolytic solution between the first chamber and the first tank; a second tank for storing a second electrolytic solution; and a second circulation device for circulating the second electrolytic solution between the second chamber and the second tank. Each of the first electrolytic solution and the second electrolytic solution contains an active material, and at least one of the active material contained in the first electrolytic solution or the active material contained in the second electrolytic solution is a quinone multimer in which a plurality of quinones are connected via an alkyl chain or a hydroquinone multimer in which a plurality of hydroquinones are connected an alkyl chain.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a fuel cell system capable of inhibiting corrosion of components due to a stray current in a structure of connecting a plurality of fuel cells in series. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a fuel cell system including a fuel cell, a coolant circuit that circulates a cooling liquid to cool the fuel cell; wherein the fuel cell system includes: as the fuel cell, at least a first fuel cell and a second fuel cell; and as the coolant circuit, at least a first coolant circuit that cools the first fuel cell, and a second coolant circuit that cools the second fuel cell; and the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell are connected in series in a manner the first fuel cell is in a low potential side and the second fuel cell is in a high potential side; the first coolant circuit and the second coolant circuit are respectively connected to a grounding member interposing a first connecting member and a second connecting member; the first coolant circuit includes a sacrifice corrosion member; and the sacrifice corrosion member contacts the first connecting member.

The present invention includes metal materials 42a and 52a made of thermally expandable members that thermally expand, and insulating metal oxide layers 42b and 52b. The metal materials 42a and 52a and the metal oxide layers 42b and 52b formed in an annular shape have through holes 42c and 52c thereinside.