An apparatus includes parallel delay lines, each exhibiting a delay; a first set of switches for each port of a first set of ports, each of which is to selectively couple a port of the first set of ports to first ends of the delay lines; a second set of switches for each port of a second set of ports, each of which to selectively couple a port of the second set of ports to second ends of the delay lines. A signal source generates a series of clock signals that are sequentially time delayed between the first set of switches and the second set of switches, where an input signal at one of the first or second sets of ports travels from the one of the first or second sets of ports to an output port of opposite set of ports over the delay lines.

A device includes at least one electrically conductive structure and at least one stripline. The stripline includes stripline sections that are connected to one another in a series connection between a first terminal and a second terminal. A first subset of the stripline sections is arranged on a first side of the conductive structure and a second subset of the stripline sections is arranged on a second side of the conductive structure. The device also includes at least one conductive connection between the first subset of the stripline sections and the second subset of the stripline sections, wherein the at least one conductive connection is isolated from the at least one electrically conductive structure.

A transmission line. The transmission line includes a reference electrode. The transmission line also includes a stripline. The stripline meanders within a plane. The stripline has a non-planar profile when viewed along a direction parallel to the plane.

A clock apparatus with: (i) a gas cell, including a continuous path cavity including a sealed interior for providing a signal waveguide; (ii) an apparatus for providing an electromagnetic wave to travel along the continuous path cavity and for circulating around the continuous path cavity back toward and past a point of entry of the electromagnetic wave in the continuous path cavity; (iii) a dipolar gas inside the sealed interior of the cavity; and (iv) receiving apparatus for detecting an amount of energy in the electromagnetic wave, wherein the amount of energy is responsive to an amount of absorption of the electromagnetic wave as the electromagnetic wave passes through the dipolar gas.

An RF transmission system includes an RF source that provides an RF input and one or more RF MEMS transmission devices coupled to the RF source to receive the RF input therefrom and generate output signals for transmission to an RF load. Each of the RF MEMS transmission devices comprises a substrate, a conducting line formed on the substrate to provide signal transmission paths between a signal input of the RF MEMS transmission device and a signal output of the RF MEMS transmission device, and a plurality of switching elements positioned along the conducting line and selectively controllable to define the signal transmission paths between the signal input and the signal output. Each of the RF source and the RF load has a first characteristic impedance and the one or more RF MEMS transmission devices have a second characteristic impedance that is greater than the first characteristic impedance.

A folded-waveguide slow-wave structure equipped with an internal load, includes a central plate comprising a rectilinear beam tunnel of same direction as the longitudinal axis of the central plate, and a serpentine-shaped folded slit having its folds in the direction of the width of the waveguide; a lower plate and an upper plate closing the waveguide, the plates being placed on and under the central plate, respectively; at least one groove of cross section that may be variable, produced along the longitudinal axis of the waveguide, in at least one face internal to the waveguide of the lower plate, the upper plate or the central plate, and at least partially comprising a lossy material; in order to form a closed slow-wave structure through which propagates a hybrid slow wave the amplitude of which is attenuated by at least 20 dB between the start and the end of the portion of the one or more grooves containing a lossy material.

An RF transmission system includes an RF source that provides an RF input and one or more RF MEMS transmission devices coupled to the RF source to receive the RF input therefrom and generate output signals for transmission to an RF load. Each of the RF MEMS transmission devices comprises a substrate, a conducting line formed on the substrate to provide signal transmission paths between a signal input of the RF MEMS transmission device and a signal output of the RF MEMS transmission device, and a plurality of switching elements positioned along the conducting line and selectively controllable to define the signal transmission paths between the signal input and the signal output. Each of the RF source and the RF load has a first characteristic impedance and the one or more RF MEMS transmission devices have a second characteristic impedance that is greater than the first characteristic impedance.

A beam former module includes a package base and an interconnect structure formed within the package base. The beam former module also includes a first true time delay (TTD) module attached to the package base. The first TTD module includes a plurality of switching elements configured to define a signal transmission path between a signal input and a signal output of the first TTD module by selectively activating a plurality of time delay lines. The signal input and the signal output of the first TTD module are electrically coupled to the interconnect structure. In some embodiments, the interconnect structure includes at least one TTD meander line and at least one of the time delay lines of the first TTD module is electrically coupled to the at least one TTD meander line.

Apparatus and methods are provided for ameliorating distortion issues associated with a conductor that passes over a void in a reference plane. In an example, the conductor can include a first part routed over a major surface of a first side of the reference plane structure and that approaches a first edge of the reference plane structure with a first trajectory, a second part routed over the major surface of a second side of the reference plane structure and that approaches a second edge of the reference plane structure with a second trajectory in-line with the first trajectory, and a third portion connecting the first portion with the second portion and having a third trajectory departing from the first trajectory and the second trajectory, the third portion configured to span the void.

In some examples, a delay apparatus includes a controllable delay line comprising a plurality of delay elements selectively connected in a signal path to vary a delay of a signal passing through the delay line, and a controllable phase shifter comprising reflective loads adjustable to vary a phase shift applied to the signal.