A method and apparatus for arranging fuses in a printed circuit board includes a power input configured to connect to a power source, at least one electrical component connected to the power input, a first output connected to the at least one electrical component and configured to connect to a load, and a fuse disposed between the at least one electrical component and the first output, and having a first trip rating.

The application relates to a charging system, including a number of m chargers each adapted for providing electrical energy to charge an electrical vehicle, whereby m is an integer and m≥1, a number of n outlet ports each adapted for electrically connecting the electrical vehicle, whereby n is an integer and n≥2, and a switchable connection matrix device including a number of n outlet port switches each adapted for electrically connecting at least one of the m chargers to one of the n outlet ports and, if m>1, a number of m−1 charger switches each adapted for electrically connecting two of the m chargers, whereby the switchable connection matrix device is adapted for detecting a short-circuit between at least two outlet ports and/or for generating a fault signal if the short-circuit between at least two outlet ports is detected.

Systems and methods of determining fault location on a DC microgrid feeder need to be extremely fast to protect the circuit breaker and converter-source components. This disclosure develops a seminal theoretical foundation for fast fault location on a DC feeder that uses only single-ended local measurements in time domain. The theory provides a closed-form deterministic solution for fault location, making the resulting fault location method agnostic to system-topology and immune to fault resistance. The theory is developed with ideal DC voltage sources and is extended to practical converter-sources. The performance of the resulting method is demonstrated by simulating a DC feeder with converters connected at both ends, modeled in PSCAD (power systems computer-aided design).

Described are computer implemented methods, a system and a power supply amplifier (PSA) that supports compliance testing of the PSA. The power supplies power to a powered device/information handling system. A voltage of synchronous rectifier (SR) gate is measured and compared to a calculated sense voltage at a sense resistor of the PSA. If the sense voltage is zero, received current of the PSA bypasses a first blocking MOSFET and a second blocking MOSFET for over voltage protection. If the sense voltage is not zero, the received current passes through the first blocking MOSFET.

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods to coordinate protective elements in an electric power system (EPS). In one embodiment, a system may include a Time vs Normalized Impedance Length subsystem to determine a first plurality of times of operation of a first protective element for a plurality of fault locations in the EPS and to determine a second plurality of times of operation of a second protective element for the plurality of fault locations in the EPS. A protective action subsystem may coordinate a response of the first protective element and the second protective element. The protective action subsystem may establish a pickup and a protective action for the second protective element. Upon detection of a fault in the EPS, one of the first protective action and the second protective action may be implemented based on one of the first pickup and the second pickup.

A switching device for controlling power flow on a power line. The device includes a current sensor for measuring primary current on the line, a first voltage sensor for measuring primary voltage on the line at one side of the switching device, and a second voltage sensor for measuring primary voltage on the line at another side of the switching device. An ADC converts measurement signals from the current sensor and the voltage sensors to digital signals, and a PMU calculates magnitude and phase angle synchrophasor data using the current and voltage measurement digital signals and calibration data.

An overcurrent protection circuit, a memory storage device, and an overcurrent protection method are disclosed. The overcurrent protection circuit includes a load switch, a first mirror circuit, a second mirror circuit, and a control circuit. The first mirror circuit is configured to generate a first node voltage in a state that a voltage difference between two terminals of the load switch is within a first voltage region. The second mirror circuit is configured to generate a second node voltage in a state that the voltage difference between the two terminals of the load switch is within a second voltage region. The control circuit is configured to cut off the load switch according to at least one of the first node voltage and the second node voltage to perform an overcurrent protection. The first voltage region is different from the second voltage region.

In order both to accommodate instantaneous current as well as overcurrent protection in accordance with the load, an overcurrent protection circuit has: a threshold value generation unit that, in accordance with a threshold value control signal, switches between setting an overcurrent detection threshold value to a first set value (∝ Iref) and a second set value (∝ Iset) lower than the first set value; an overcurrent detection unit that compares a sense signal in accordance with the current being monitored and the overcurrent detection value and generates an overcurrent protection signal; a reference value generation unit that generates a reference value (∝ Iset) in accordance with the seconds set value; a comparison unit that compares the sense signal and the reference value, and generates a comparison signal; and a threshold value control unit that monitors the comparison signal, and generates a threshold value control signal.

Wireless communication enabled circuit breakers are described. Methods associated with such wireless communication enabled circuit breakers are also described. The wireless communication enabled circuit breakers may controlled by a remote entity. The remote entity may wirelessly case the wireless communication enabled circuit breakers to trip.

A wiring system for a vehicle is specified, which has a voltage source and an electrical load, whereby a need for the electrical load depends on an external condition. Furthermore, the wiring system has a load path with an electrical line, which connects the voltage source to the electrical load, and a first switching element, which is arranged in the load path, for disconnecting the electrical load from the voltage source, wherein a working range of the external condition is defined, within which the function of the electrical load is reasonable, and a control unit is arranged, which is designed in such a way that a switching on of the electrical load is prevented if the external condition lies outside the working range. Furthermore, a method for the design of an electrical line of such a wiring system is given.