A multi-line supply unit for a vehicle control unit, including at least two supply lines each connected to a vehicle voltage source at the input and brought together at a common node at the output; and a protective device, including, in each of the supply lines, at least one first damping diode looped into the supply lines in the forward direction, between the vehicle voltage source and the node; and an operating method for such a multi-line supply unit. At least one switch element is looped into each of the supply lines, respectively, in parallel with the damping diode, respectively; an evaluation and control unit measuring and evaluating a line voltage at the inputs of the supply lines, respectively, and measuring and evaluating a reverse-polarity-protected supply voltage at the common node, and controlling the switch elements in the supply lines as a function of the evaluation, using corresponding control signals.

One example includes a power relay system. The system includes a circuit breaker configured, when triggered, to provide an open circuit in a power line configured to conduct a current between a power grid point-of-interconnect (POI) and a power generator system. The system also includes a power controller configured to monitor the current and to generate a dynamic current threshold based on the current, the power controller being further configured to compare the current with the dynamic current threshold and to trigger the circuit breaker based on a difference of the current relative to the dynamic current threshold to set an arc flash incident energy level of the power generator system to less than or equal to a predetermined safety level.

Disclosed herein are systems for maintaining protection of electric power delivery systems in the event of a control power failure or other anomaly. A reliable power module conditions electric power from multiple independent sources and provides electrical operational power to electric power delivery system protective loads. The reliable power module includes an energy storage device for providing operational power even upon loss of all control power sources. The energy storage may be sufficient to ride through expected losses such as a time to start up backup generation. The energy storage may be sufficient to power a trip coil. Thus, electric power system protection is maintained even upon loss of control power. A discharge circuit is provided to allow an operator to de-energize an energy storage device.

Disclosed herein are systems for maintaining protection of electric power delivery systems in the event of a control power failure or other anomaly. A reliable power module conditions electric power from multiple independent sources and provides electrical operational power to electric power delivery system protective loads. The reliable power module includes an energy storage device for providing operational power even upon loss of all control power sources. The energy storage may be sufficient to ride through expected losses such as a time to start up backup generation. The energy storage may be sufficient to power a trip coil. Thus, electric power system protection is maintained even upon loss of control power. A discharge circuit is provided to allow an operator to de-energize an energy storage device.

A switching device includes two connection lands, a measurement device for measuring a first quantity of a current flowing between the two lands, a power supply system and a trigger module, the latter including a first driver module for detecting an electrical fault according to first values stored in a first memory and controlling a switching member; a communication module for receiving and storing second values in a second, non-volatile memory; and a second driver module for replacing the first values with the second values in the first memory. The first driver module compares a second quantity of the first supply current with a threshold and controls the supply of power to the second driver module if the second value is higher than or equal to the threshold.

A switching device includes two connection lands, a measurement device for measuring a first quantity of a current flowing between the two lands, a power supply system and a trigger module, the latter including a first driver module for detecting an electrical fault according to first values stored in a first memory and controlling a switching member; a communication module for receiving and storing second values in a second, non-volatile memory; and a second driver module for replacing the first values with the second values in the first memory. The first driver module compares a second quantity of the first supply current with a threshold and controls the supply of power to the second driver module if the second value is higher than or equal to the threshold.

A low-voltage protective switching device includes: at least one line conductor length extending from a line conductor supply connection of the low-voltage protective switching device to a line conductor load connection of the low-voltage protective switching device; a neutral conductor length extending from a neutral conductor connection of the low-voltage protective switching device to a neutral conductor load connection of the low-voltage protective switching device; a mechanical bypass switch and a first mechanical circuit breaker disposed in series in the line conductor length; a second mechanical circuit breaker disposed in the neutral conductor length; a first semiconductor switching arrangement disposed in parallel to the bypass switch; and an electronic control unit that presettably actuates the bypass switch, the first mechanical circuit breaker, the second mechanical circuit breaker, and the first semiconductor switching arrangement. The first semiconductor switching arrangement includes a snubber, which includes a first capacitor.

Apparatus for voltage monitoring of a dual-channel device which implements or monitors a safety function of a machine or technical installation. The apparatus comprises an input for receiving an input voltage, a voltage regulator for generating a defined output voltage, and an output for providing the defined output voltage for the operation of the device. A voltage monitor compares a voltage present at the output with the defined output voltage and switches off the output in case the present voltage at the output deviates from the defined output voltage. A first interface and a second interface connect the voltage regulator to the dual-channels of the device, wherein the first interface and the second interface connect to a first processing channel and a second processing channel of the device separately so that the first processing channel and the second processing channel of the device can detune the voltage regulator independently.

Apparatus for voltage monitoring of a dual-channel device which implements or monitors a safety function of a machine or technical installation. The apparatus comprises an input for receiving an input voltage, a voltage regulator for generating a defined output voltage, and an output for providing the defined output voltage for the operation of the device. A voltage monitor compares a voltage present at the output with the defined output voltage and switches off the output in case the present voltage at the output deviates from the defined output voltage. A first interface and a second interface connect the voltage regulator to the dual-channels of the device, wherein the first interface and the second interface connect to a first processing channel and a second processing channel of the device separately so that the first processing channel and the second processing channel of the device can detune the voltage regulator independently.

Circuit interrupter positioned between supply circuit and load circuit includes fault detection circuit that senses wave forms to the load circuit, fault processing circuit that detects presence of fault and generates fault output signal when fault detected, and control circuit switch connected to fault processing signal output, wherein control circuit switch is opened by presence of fault output signal, thus isolating load circuit from supply circuit. Preferably fault processing circuit and control circuit are optically linked, such that when fault is detected, control circuit switch is opened by optical fault output signal, thus isolating load circuit from the supply circuit. Circuit interrupter may couple another circuit interrupter via power distribution control unit, optionally manageable remotely via automated control interface.