A vehicle management system (VMS) computer includes a power distribution controller that includes a plurality of power distribution circuits that are each controlled by the controller to supply power to end component loads. The power distribution controller is communicably coupled to a data processing system by a bus. The VMS computer also includes a plurality of settable circuit breakers, wherein each of the plurality of settable circuit breakers corresponds to a respective one of the plurality of power distribution circuits. The power distribution controller is configured to monitor various values such as voltages, currents, powers, power spikes, and interruptions and to interrupt a respective one of the plurality of power distribution circuits via a settable circuit breaker upon detecting an indication of a fault from the monitored values.

A circuit breaker device or circuit breaker system may include a series connection of a semiconductor switch and an isolating contact system, for a low voltage electrical circuit, in which the magnitude of the current is determined.

A circuit breaker device or circuit breaker system may include a series connection of a semiconductor switch and an isolating contact system, for a low voltage electrical circuit, in which the magnitude of the current is determined.

Disclosed are an ultrasonic atomization control system and an electronic cigarette. The system includes: a current feedback circuit and/or a voltage feedback circuit, a microcontroller unit, a push-pull circuit, and an oscillator driving circuit; wherein the push-pull circuit is coupled between the microcontroller unit and the oscillator driving circuit, the current feedback circuit and/or the voltage feedback circuit are/is coupled between the oscillator driving circuit and the microcontroller unit; and the oscillator driving circuit is configured to be connected with a load; wherein the microcontroller unit is configured to output a pulse width modulation signal with a predetermined frequency and voltage to the push-pull circuit, judge a current and/or a voltage fluctuation fed back by the current feedback circuit and/or the voltage feedback circuit are/is greater than a threshold, and stop operation of the load if the fluctuation is greater than the threshold.

Disclosed are an ultrasonic atomization control system and an electronic cigarette. The system includes: a current feedback circuit and/or a voltage feedback circuit, a microcontroller unit, a push-pull circuit, and an oscillator driving circuit; wherein the push-pull circuit is coupled between the microcontroller unit and the oscillator driving circuit, the current feedback circuit and/or the voltage feedback circuit are/is coupled between the oscillator driving circuit and the microcontroller unit; and the oscillator driving circuit is configured to be connected with a load; wherein the microcontroller unit is configured to output a pulse width modulation signal with a predetermined frequency and voltage to the push-pull circuit, judge a current and/or a voltage fluctuation fed back by the current feedback circuit and/or the voltage feedback circuit are/is greater than a threshold, and stop operation of the load if the fluctuation is greater than the threshold.

An LCDI device includes a shell, a movement unit, and a wire bundle assembly. The shell includes a base and an upper cover connected to each other. The movement unit is disposed in the base, and includes at least one connecting conductor. A first end of the wire bundle assembly is disposed in the upper cover and includes at least one shield detection line, where the shield detection line is electrically coupled to the connecting conductor. The shield detection line includes a connecting terminal at the first end of the wire bundle assembly which is configured to received and retain the connecting conductor inserted therein. The structure of the LCDI enables fast and secure assembling of the wire bundle assembly and movement unit, and eliminates the need for internal re-adjustment of the shield detection lines after assembling, which promotes automation of large scale production.

An LCDI device includes a shell, a movement unit, and a wire bundle assembly. The shell includes a base and an upper cover connected to each other. The movement unit is disposed in the base, and includes at least one connecting conductor. A first end of the wire bundle assembly is disposed in the upper cover and includes at least one shield detection line, where the shield detection line is electrically coupled to the connecting conductor. The shield detection line includes a connecting terminal at the first end of the wire bundle assembly which is configured to received and retain the connecting conductor inserted therein. The structure of the LCDI enables fast and secure assembling of the wire bundle assembly and movement unit, and eliminates the need for internal re-adjustment of the shield detection lines after assembling, which promotes automation of large scale production.

Electrical system and method for detecting an end-of-life (EOL) of a circuit are disclosed. In an embodiment, the electrical system includes a sensing circuit for detecting variance of an input electrical power to an electrical device; and a processor for receiving the variance and comparing the variance with a threshold range. When the variance is out of the threshold range, the processor generates a signal to cause the output electrical power disconnected.

A valve-device (VD) for a vehicle-braking-system (VBS), and a VBS. A VD for a VBS, having first/second control-units (CU), which are electrically connectable to the VD, which includes a valve-unit (VU) with an actuator for actuating the VU, a valve housing (VH) for the VU, and an error protection module (EPM) outside the VH. The EPM includes first/second supply-ports (SP) for electrical attachment to the first/second CUs, first/second main-ports (MP) for electrical attachment to the first/second CUs, a first connection port (CP) electrically connected to the first/second SPs, for electrical connection to the actuator, a second CP electrically connected to the first/second MPs, for electrical connection to the actuator, first and second electric protective circuits (EPC). The first EPC is electrically connected between the first/second SPs, and the first CP. The second EPC is electrically connected between the second CP and the first/second MPs. An EPC includes an electrical fuse-device and/or a diode-element connected in series to the respective supply/main ports.

A valve-device (VD) for a vehicle-braking-system (VBS), and a VBS. A VD for a VBS, having first/second control-units (CU), which are electrically connectable to the VD, which includes a valve-unit (VU) with an actuator for actuating the VU, a valve housing (VH) for the VU, and an error protection module (EPM) outside the VH. The EPM includes first/second supply-ports (SP) for electrical attachment to the first/second CUs, first/second main-ports (MP) for electrical attachment to the first/second CUs, a first connection port (CP) electrically connected to the first/second SPs, for electrical connection to the actuator, a second CP electrically connected to the first/second MPs, for electrical connection to the actuator, first and second electric protective circuits (EPC). The first EPC is electrically connected between the first/second SPs, and the first CP. The second EPC is electrically connected between the second CP and the first/second MPs. An EPC includes an electrical fuse-device and/or a diode-element connected in series to the respective supply/main ports.