Aspects of the present disclosure provide miniaturized isolator modules capable of transferring power and/or data signals across an isolation barrier by way of a transformer while maintaining intrinsic safety (IS) compliance. For example, the isolator modules may provide power from a non-IS side to an IS side of the isolation barrier while protecting the IS side in the event of an overvoltage and/or overcurrent event on the non-IS side. In some aspects, an isolator module includes one or more silicon protection devices, which facilitate the miniaturization of the isolator module while maintaining protection against overvoltage and/or overcurrent events in accordance with IS standards. In some aspects, an isolator module includes a transformer adapted for IS compliance. For example, coils of the transformer may be disposed on opposing sides of an isolation barrier having a thickness of at least 200 microns. Some aspects provide silicon protection devices formed on a single semiconductor die for use with miniaturized isolator modules to provide overvoltage and/or overcurrent protection for IS compliance. Miniaturized isolator modules and protection devices described herein may be used either alone or in combination, in IS or non-IS environments.

A Power Over Data Lines (PoDL) system includes Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) supplying DC power and Ethernet data over a single twisted wire pair to a Powered Device (PD). The PSE supplies the DC current and AC data through a cascaded coupling network including a series of AC-blocking inductor stages having different inductances to substantially filter out the AC component and pass the DC component. The data is supplied to the wires via capacitors. The PD may have a matched decoupling network for providing the separated DC power and data to a PD load.

A fluid sample system includes a control system that operates in the hazardous area and controls one or more valves and optionally receives outputs from one or more transducers and optionally one or more sensors. The fluid sample system includes components that operate in a hazardous area and includes a control system that operates in the hazardous area and that controls one or more electrical devices. The control system communicates across a barrier with a system on a safe side of the barrier with as few as two intrinsically safe couplings including a single pneumatic coupling and a communication link coupling. The control system includes an intrinsically safe voltage boost circuit.

There is provided a driver circuit for an electric device of an intrinsically safe circuit. The driver circuit includes a coupling capacitor configured to be open to AC voltage signals and to decouple DC voltage signals, the coupling capacitor includes first and second terminals, and is electrically connected to a first output line of the driver circuit by the first terminal; a first circuit configured to detect an output current of the coupling capacitor, which flows from the first terminal to the first output line; a switchable element electrically connected to the second terminal; means for controlling switching behaviour of the element, configured to switch the element from an electrically blocking state to an electrically conductive state when the output current at the first terminal exceeds a predefined threshold, so that the element in the conductive state causes discharge of of the coupling capacitor via the second terminal.

A voltage control circuit for electrically coupling a field device coupler to a bus line. An input voltage (UE) provided at the voltage control circuit by the bus line is converted into an output voltage (UA) that can be regulated and limited. If a current limitation is additionally provided, the “inherent safety” ignition protection type can be achieved. The voltage control circuit has a chopper-type regulator without galvanic isolation. A parallel path is formed parallel to the chopper-type regulator by a series connection of two buffer capacitors. Communication signals of higher frequency can be transmitted past the chopper-type regulator via the parallel path. The parallel path and a reference terminal of the chopper-type regulator are additionally connected via an impedance circuit to a reference potential at a second input terminal of the voltage control circuit.

A current electronic distributing device that can limit maximum output currents of a plurality of input/output (I/O) ports to a first current or a second current. The current electronic distributing device includes a plurality of current detection units, a plurality of current limiting units, a control unit, and a power supply unit. The power supply unit supplies power to the current electronic distributing device. Each of the current detection units respectively detects consumption currents of each of the I/O ports. The control unit calculates a sum of the consumption currents of the plurality of I/O ports, and controls each of the current limiting units to limit the maximum output currents of each of the I/O ports to the first current or the second current according to the sum of the consumption currents of the plurality of I/O ports.

Hazardous location compliant solid state circuit protection devices include safety lockout components ensuring disconnection as a safeguard in the completion of power system maintenance and service tasks by responsible personnel. The safety lockout components may include a mechanical lockout interfacing with a physical lock element, an electrical lockout implemented through the controls of the solid state circuit breaker device, and combinations thereof. Visual device feedback and confirmation may be provided to personnel that the lockouts have been successfully activated, as well as successfully deactivated to reconnect and restore operation of the load side circuitry.

An intrinsically safe redundant regulator circuit includes a plurality of voltage limiting regulators between a regulated rail and a ground rail. Each of the plurality of voltage limiting regulators includes: (i) a shunt regulator component configured to clamp a voltage across the regulated rail and the ground rail to a safety clamp voltage value; and (ii) one or more components, where a property of each of the one or more components is selected to configure the safety clamp voltage value.

An apparatus for monitoring at least one physical or chemical process variable, comprising at least one sensor unit and an electronics unit for signal registration, evaluation and/or feeding, wherein the sensor unit is operated with alternating electrical current and/or communication between the electronics unit and the sensor unit occurs with alternating electrical current and/or alternating voltage. An explosion protection circuit with intrinsic safety, which includes a safety barrier, which has at least one unit for electrical current- and/or voltage limiting, is provided within the explosion protection circuit a unit for impedance matching, which unit for impedance matching includes at least one transformer.

Disclosed is a system that reduces fault currents in a power grid, thereby reducing the risk of unintentionally igniting a fire when an object comes in proximity to a high voltage power line. The circuit comprises an isolation transformer, a neutral connection, a current compensating device, and an automatic recloser or other circuit interrupting type protection system. The isolation transformer may comprise a delta-delta or delta-zigzag transformer with a one-to-one ratio between the input and output voltages and phase angle. The current compensating device is connected to the neutral and configured to redirect a substantial portion of a fault current to ground through the isolation transformer neutral instead of the fault itself. The current compensating device may comprise an arc suppression coil tuned to match the capacitance of the three phase outputs, or an inverter.