A power supply includes fuel cell, secondary battery, power converter, current detecting unit and control unit. The power converter couples the fuel cell with the secondary battery, and is adapted to convert current outputted by the fuel cell into output current. The current detecting unit couples the power converter with the secondary battery and adapted to detect charging current of the output current transferred to the secondary battery. The control unit couples the current detecting unit with the power converter and is adapted to: when the charging current is greater than a charging current upper-limit-setting value of the secondary battery, a down-adjustment signal is outputted to the power converter to reduce the output current; and when the charging current is less than the charging current upper-limit-setting value, an up-adjustment signal is outputted to the power converter to increase the output current.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for overvoltage protection. A system, such as a vehicle, for overvoltage protection of a supercapacitor system for an electric vehicle, the system includes a plurality of supercapacitor groups, each supercapacitor group comprising two or more of the plurality of supercapacitors. The system includes a plurality of overvoltage protector units, each the plurality of overvoltage protector units operable to detect the voltage of each of the two or more supercapacitors within the respective one of the supercapacitor groups. The system includes a controller comprising a processor with access to a memory, wherein the control system is operable to determine which of the plurality of supercapacitor groups to connect to the electric vehicle based on data sent from the respective overvoltage protector units.

A system for powering an electric vehicle includes at least one electrochemical battery, a supercapacitor adder module including at least one supercapacitor battery, and a controller configured, in response to detecting that an external charging source is connected to the supercapacitor adder module, to disconnect the at least one electrochemical battery from the electric vehicle, charge the at least one supercapacitor battery from the external charging source via the supercapacitor adder module, charge the at least one electrochemical battery from the external charging source via the supercapacitor adder module, and reconnect the at least one electrochemical battery to the electric vehicle.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for energy management. A system (e.g., a vehicle) includes energy storage units that include a supercapacitor and an electrochemical battery. The system includes a communication interface that receives an indication of a requested process to be powered using at least a subset of the plurality of energy storage units. The system includes an energy controller that tracks historical power draw from the energy storage units over time in power tracking data, and that identifies a power draw for the requested process based on the power tracking data. The energy controller switches between a first configuration and a second configuration for the requested process based on the identified power draw for the requested process. The first configuration draws power from the electrochemical battery and disconnecting from the supercapacitor, while the second configuration draws power from the supercapacitor and disconnecting from the electrochemical battery.

A energy storage system includes a power supply device, a main battery and a backup battery, and a power supply method of the energy storage system includes: when the power supply device works normally, a load is powered and the backup battery is floatingly charged by the power supply device, and the main battery is in standby mode; when the power supply device stops supplying power, the load will be powered by the backup battery, and meanwhile, the main battery will be triggered to switch from the standby mode to a backup mode to start supplying power to the load; when an output power of the main battery is equal to a power of the load, an output power of the backup battery is zero and the backup battery is in a bypass state.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for energy management. A system, such as a vehicle, includes a plurality of energy storage units that include a supercapacitor and an electrochemical battery. The system includes an energy controller that identifies a safety threshold associated with at least a subset of the energy storage units. The energy controller tracks historical power draw from the plurality of energy storage units over time in power tracking data, and identifies a power draw based on the power tracking data. The energy controller switches between a first configuration and a second configuration based on the identified power draw crossing the safety threshold. The first configuration is configured for drawing power from the electrochemical battery and disconnecting from the supercapacitor, while wherein the second configuration is configured for drawing power from the supercapacitor and disconnecting from the electrochemical battery.

A method for powering an electric vehicle including an electrochemical battery and one or more supercapacitor batteries includes determining self-discharge rate data for the one or more supercapacitor batteries and, in response to the self-discharge rate data satisfying at least one threshold condition, notifying a user to charge the one or more supercapacitor batteries, otherwise performing operations including: measuring current within a first path connecting the electrochemical battery to the electric vehicle; storing data representing the measured current in a database; determining a current use pattern from stored current data in the database; and in response to the current use pattern satisfying a first switching condition, switching in the one or more supercapacitor batteries in place of the electrochemical battery.

Systems and methods are provided for electrochemical battery testing in supercapacitor-toelectrochemical hybrid systems, which may be provided in an electric vehicle. Such systems may include at least one electrochemical battery and an supercapacitor adder module and connections, and electrochemical battery testing module. In conjunction with a supercapacitor adder module, the electrochemical battery testing module applies a variety of tests and measures various parameters of one or more electrochemical batteries connected to an electric vehicle.

A sealed lead acid (SLA) battery jump starter system that charges and recharges via a single two-way USB, thus providing for a two-way power in/power out feature using a single USB port. The output is preferably provided with a ‘triple voltage select’ feature. In one non-limiting embodiment, the triple voltage select feature can allow for an output of either 5V, 12V or 20V. The system provides for higher power, a versatile design, and higher efficiency by integrating a USB charging circuit to recharge a lead acid battery in conjunction with drawing power from the lead acid battery to provide a preferred triple output switch mode selectable power. The system provides for a USB rechargeable charging circuit that can be capable of providing input low power to recharge lead acid batteries and also providing power out (preferably triple voltage and current choices) to recharge high output electronics.

A battery device includes a battery pack, a circuit substrate which acquires battery information on the battery pack or controls charge and discharge of the battery pack, a switch including a first power element or a second power element, and a heat radiator. The switch is a device controlling input and output of electric power to and from the battery pack, and an exterior part of the switch is arranged away from the circuit substrate. The heat radiator is a member made of a material having thermal conductivity, and is in direct contact with or indirect contact via a heat conductor with the exterior part of the switch so that heat of the switch can be transferred.