Disclosed herein is an exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) system with a resonator by introducing a linear time-periodic variation. In contrast, prior art systems with EPD require two coupled resonators with precise values of gain and loss and a precise symmetry of inductances and capacitances. The disclosed EPD system only requires the tuning of the modulation frequency or modulation depth, which can be easily achieved in electronic systems. The EPD is a point in a system parameters' space at which two or more eigenstates coalesce, and this leads to unique properties not occurring at other non-degenerate operating points. Also disclosed are experimental data showing the existence of a second order EPD in a time-varying single resonator and the expected sensitivity of its resonances to circuit perturbations. The disclosed EPD system exhibits structural degenerate and non-degenerate resonances whose dynamics dramatically boosts its sensitivity performance to very small perturbations. The unique sensitivity induced by an EPD can be employed to create exceptionally-sensitive sensors based on a resonator by simply applying time modulation.

An apparatus can comprise a circuit and an electrical element coupled to the circuit. The circuit can include a pulse generator to generate an electrical pulse having a first power and a load. The electrical element can be configured to receive heat that is converted into electrical energy by the circuit to apply a second power, greater than the first power, to the load.

A device [200, para. 16] includes a transformer [206, para. 16] that further includes a primary [208, para. 16] and a secondary [210, para. 16] windings. A switch [212, para. 20] is coupled to the primary winding, and this switch is controlled by the received digital input signal. An oscillator [216, para. 17] is further formed on the secondary winding where the oscillator oscillates in response to variations of the received input signal. [para. 19] A detector [218, para. 17] coupled to the oscillator will then detect the oscillations in response to the variations of the received input signal. Thereafter, the detector generates a digital output [108, para. 14] based on the detected oscillations. [para. 25]

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a semiconductor variable capacitor. The semiconductor variable capacitor generally includes a first semiconductor region having a first doping type, a second semiconductor region having a second doping type different from the first doping type, a third semiconductor region disposed between the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region, a first terminal disposed adjacent to the first semiconductor region, a second terminal disposed adjacent to the second semiconductor region, and a third terminal disposed above the third semiconductor region. The first semiconductor region, the second semiconductor region, and/or the third semiconductor region include gallium nitride. The third semiconductor region includes multiple semiconductor layers having different materials. A capacitance between the first terminal and the third terminal is configured to be adjusted by varying a control voltage applied to at least one of the first terminal or the second terminal.

A circuit includes an oscillator having a driver and a resonator. The driver receives a supply voltage at a supply input and provides a drive output to drive the resonator to generate an oscillator output signal. A power converter receives an input voltage and generates the supply voltage to the supply input of the driver. A temperature tracking device in the power converter controls the voltage level of the supply voltage to the supply input of the driver based on temperature such that the supply voltage varies inversely to the temperature of the circuit.

A circuit includes an oscillator having a driver and a resonator. The driver receives a supply voltage at a supply input and provides a drive output to drive the resonator to generate an oscillator output signal. A power converter receives an input voltage and generates the supply voltage to the supply input of the driver. A temperature tracking device in the power converter controls the voltage level of the supply voltage to the supply input of the driver based on temperature such that the supply voltage varies inversely to the temperature of the circuit.

A temperature compensated oscillation controller includes a temperature compensation circuit configured to provide a reference voltage through a first terminal and to receive an input voltage including temperature information through a second terminal, and an oscillation circuit configured to be connected to an external crystal resonator through third and fourth terminals and to output a clock signal in response to an oscillation signal from the external crystal resonator. The temperature compensation circuit is configured to perform a voltage controlled oscillator-based sensing operation to convert the input voltage into a temperature code and to adjust a frequency of the clock signal using the temperature code.

A temperature compensated oscillation controller includes a temperature compensation circuit configured to provide a reference voltage through a first terminal and to receive an input voltage including temperature information through a second terminal, and an oscillation circuit configured to be connected to an external crystal resonator through third and fourth terminals and to output a clock signal in response to an oscillation signal from the external crystal resonator. The temperature compensation circuit is configured to perform a voltage controlled oscillator-based sensing operation to convert the input voltage into a temperature code and to adjust a frequency of the clock signal using the temperature code.

A radio frequency (RF) transceiver includes a first oscillator configured to generate a first oscillation frequency associated with an RF signal, a second oscillator configured to generate a second oscillation frequency associated with a clock frequency, a counter configured to generate a counter output signal using the first oscillation frequency and the second oscillation frequency, and a comparer configured to generate a digital output signal associated with the RF signal by comparing an output value of the counter output signal to a reference value.

A radio frequency (RF) transceiver includes a first oscillator configured to generate a first oscillation frequency associated with an RF signal, a second oscillator configured to generate a second oscillation frequency associated with a clock frequency, a counter configured to generate a counter output signal using the first oscillation frequency and the second oscillation frequency, and a comparer configured to generate a digital output signal associated with the RF signal by comparing an output value of the counter output signal to a reference value.