The present disclosure provides a three-level rectification DC/DC converter including primary and secondary circuits and a resonant tank circuit. A voltage between two primary terminals is a first voltage. The secondary circuit includes two clamping switches, a switch bridge arm, and a capacitor bridge arm. The switch bridge arm includes four switches serially connected. The two clamping switches are connected in series between a node between the first and second switches and a node between the third and fourth switches. Two secondary terminals are respectively connected between the second and third switches and connected between two output capacitors of the capacitor bridge arm. A node between the two clamping switches is connected between the two output capacitors. The second and third switches are at least in an on state for a preset time length after falling and rising edges in a period of the first voltage respectively.

The present disclosure provides a three-level rectification DC/DC converter including primary and secondary circuits and a resonant tank circuit. A voltage between two primary terminals is a first voltage. The secondary circuit includes a switch bridge arm and a capacitor bridge arm. The switch bridge arm includes four switches serially connected. A node between the first and second switches is connected to the first secondary terminal, a node between the third and fourth switches is connected to the second secondary terminal, and a node between the second and third switches is connected between two capacitors of the capacitor bridge arm. In two consecutive periods of the first voltage, the first and fourth switches are in an on state for a preset time length after two falling edges respectively, and the second and third switches are in the on state for the preset time length after two rising edges respectively.

An oscillator includes a first output node and a second output node. There is a tank circuit coupled between the first output node and the second output node. There is a first transistor having a first node, a second node coupled to a current source, and a control node coupled to the second output node. There is a second transistor having a first node, a second node coupled to the current source, and a control node coupled to the first output node. There is a first inductor coupled in series between the first node of the first transistor and the first output node. There is a second inductor coupled in series between the first node of the second transistor and the second output node.

Disclosed herein is an exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) system with a resonator by introducing a linear time-periodic variation. In contrast, prior art systems with EPD require two coupled resonators with precise values of gain and loss and a precise symmetry of inductances and capacitances. The disclosed EPD system only requires the tuning of the modulation frequency or modulation depth, which can be easily achieved in electronic systems. The EPD is a point in a system parameters' space at which two or more eigenstates coalesce, and this leads to unique properties not occurring at other non-degenerate operating points. Also disclosed are experimental data showing the existence of a second order EPD in a time-varying single resonator and the expected sensitivity of its resonances to circuit perturbations. The disclosed EPD system exhibits structural degenerate and non-degenerate resonances whose dynamics dramatically boosts its sensitivity performance to very small perturbations. The unique sensitivity induced by an EPD can be employed to create exceptionally-sensitive sensors based on a resonator by simply applying time modulation.

Disclosed herein is an exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) system with a resonator by introducing a linear time-periodic variation. In contrast, prior art systems with EPD require two coupled resonators with precise values of gain and loss and a precise symmetry of inductances and capacitances. The disclosed EPD system only requires the tuning of the modulation frequency or modulation depth, which can be easily achieved in electronic systems. The EPD is a point in a system parameters' space at which two or more eigenstates coalesce, and this leads to unique properties not occurring at other non-degenerate operating points. Also disclosed are experimental data showing the existence of a second order EPD in a time-varying single resonator and the expected sensitivity of its resonances to circuit perturbations. The disclosed EPD system exhibits structural degenerate and non-degenerate resonances whose dynamics dramatically boosts its sensitivity performance to very small perturbations. The unique sensitivity induced by an EPD can be employed to create exceptionally-sensitive sensors based on a resonator by simply applying time modulation.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may provide a circuit comprising a tank circuit. The tank circuit may include an inductor having a pair of terminals, a first pair of transistors, and a first pair of capacitors. Each transistor may be coupled between a respective terminal of the inductor and a reference voltage along a source-to-drain path of the transistor. Each capacitor may be provided in a signal path between an inductor terminal coupled to a respective first transistor in the first pair and a gate of a second transistor in the first pair.

Detection circuit for detecting electrical capacitance of electrode device in electrostatic holding device with clamp carrier, particularly for detecting component held by holding device, includes phase control circuit couplable to electrode device and has reference oscillator device, phase comparator and VCO circuit (VCOC). Phase comparator is arranged to generate a control voltage of VCOC as a function of reference signal from reference oscillator device and of VCO feedback signal from VCOC, at least one phase control circuit is configured for controlling VCOC as a function of capacitance to be detected, and for outputting an output signal characteristic of capacitance based on control voltage of VCOC, phase control circuit is configured for connection to electrode device such that VCOC contains capacitance to be detected as frequency-determining component, and reference oscillator device is configured for generating reference signal with adjustable reference frequency. Electrostatic holding device includes at least one such detection circuit.

Detection circuit for detecting electrical capacitance of electrode device in electrostatic holding device with clamp carrier, particularly for detecting component held by holding device, includes phase control circuit couplable to electrode device and has reference oscillator device, phase comparator and VCO circuit (VCOC). Phase comparator is arranged to generate a control voltage of VCOC as a function of reference signal from reference oscillator device and of VCO feedback signal from VCOC, at least one phase control circuit is configured for controlling VCOC as a function of capacitance to be detected, and for outputting an output signal characteristic of capacitance based on control voltage of VCOC, phase control circuit is configured for connection to electrode device such that VCOC contains capacitance to be detected as frequency-determining component, and reference oscillator device is configured for generating reference signal with adjustable reference frequency. Electrostatic holding device includes at least one such detection circuit.

A device (1) for electromagnetic treatment of fuels by means of an electromagnetic field comprises at least a resonance oscillator module (D, E, F) for generating an electric alternating field, a supply module (B) for supplying an alternating voltage to the at least one resonance oscillator module (D, E, F). The resonance oscillator module (D, E, F) comprises a plurality of oscillating circuits mutually connected, with a plurality of coils (6) and a plurality of capacitors (3, 4). Each coil (6) is formed of precisely one closed winding and each capacitor (3, 4) is connected to two coils (6) in such a way that connection points of the capacitors (3, 4) are distributed along the closed winding and are spaced from one another. Each coil (6) is connected in such a way to at least a further coil (6) that the connected coils (6) have no common capacitor connection.

A circuit includes an oscillator having a driver and a resonator. The driver receives a supply voltage at a supply input and provides a drive output to drive the resonator to generate an oscillator output signal. A power converter receives an input voltage and generates the supply voltage to the supply input of the driver. A temperature tracking device in the power converter controls the voltage level of the supply voltage to the supply input of the driver based on temperature such that the supply voltage varies inversely to the temperature of the circuit.