A device includes a pulse generation circuit configured to cause a primary side of a flyback converter to generate a burst of pulses while a signal is enabled, a set-reset latch configured to output the signal and to reset in response to a number of pulses in the burst approaching a threshold, a comparator configured to set the set-reset latch when a compensated feedback voltage reaches a reference voltage, and a ripple compensation circuit configured to adjust a feedback voltage from a secondary side of the flyback converter by a compensation voltage to generate the compensated feedback voltage.

A clock synchronization signal generator generates a dead time in which gates of both of two switching elements included in a switching circuit are in an off state, and generates the dead time for controlling a plurality of pulses having different widths to pulses having a constant width, which is output by the switching circuit.

A device for generating an output signal, formed as a pulse sequence, with a sensor and a controller. The sensor generates a sensor signal based on a measurand determined by the sensor. The controller determines a number of pulses of a timing signal that are generated chronologically between two pulse edges of the sensor signal, the timing signal being generated by a timing signal generator. The controller also generates an intermediate timing signal formed as a pulse sequence, where the period duration of the intermediate timing signal is equal to the period duration of the timing signal multiplied with a factor that is equal to the determined number of pulses of the timing signal, divided by a predetermined divisor. The controller generates the output signal based on the intermediate timing signal.

A device for generating an output signal, formed as a pulse sequence, with a sensor and a controller. The sensor generates a sensor signal based on a measurand determined by the sensor. The controller determines a number of pulses of a timing signal that are generated chronologically between two pulse edges of the sensor signal, the timing signal being generated by a timing signal generator. The controller also generates an intermediate timing signal formed as a pulse sequence, where the period duration of the intermediate timing signal is equal to the period duration of the timing signal multiplied with a factor that is equal to the determined number of pulses of the timing signal, divided by a predetermined divisor. The controller generates the output signal based on the intermediate timing signal.

Some embodiments include a system comprising: a particle power source configured to generate a particle power signal; a radio frequency (RF) power source configured to generate an RF power signal; a particle source configured to generate a particle beam in response to the particle power signal; a RF source configured to generate an RF signal in response to the RF power signal; and an accelerator structure configured to accelerate the particle beam in response to the RF signal; wherein a timing of the RF power signal is different from a timing of the particle power signal.

Some embodiments include a system comprising: a particle power source configured to generate a particle power signal; a radio frequency (RF) power source configured to generate an RF power signal; a particle source configured to generate a particle beam in response to the particle power signal; a RF source configured to generate an RF signal in response to the RF power signal; and an accelerator structure configured to accelerate the particle beam in response to the RF signal; wherein a timing of the RF power signal is different from a timing of the particle power signal.

A modulator includes: a high voltage transformer transforming a voltage supplied through a primary side and a secondary side to apply a current pulse to a driving device; a bipolar pulse generator applying a magnetizing pulse and a main pulse to a connection line connected to the primary side of the high voltage transformer; and a timing controller controlling a time difference of applying the magnetizing pulse and the main pulse, wherein the bipolar pulse generator includes a magnetizing pulse generation unit generating the magnetizing pulse by using positive power, and a main pulse generation unit generating a negative pulse by using negative power. Also, the modulator includes a pulse waveform controller in which a plurality of unit modules of the same structure is disposed in series through a small transformer on the secondary side of the high voltage transformer. These two configurations may independently control the magnitude and the waveform of the current pulse of the high voltage, respectively and realize simultaneously two functions.

Current generation circuitry for an Implantable Pulse Generator (IPG) is disclosed. The IPG comprises a plurality of PDACs and NDACs for souring currents to electrode nodes. The PDACs and NDACs can be configured as pairs to each provide stimulation in independent timing channels, or the PDACs can be combined and the NDACs can be combined to provide stimulation in a single timing channel. Further, the PDAC or NDAC can provide a plurality of source branch currents each of the same amplitude to the electrodes via a switch matrix, and pulse definition circuitry can be configured to always connect each of the source branch currents to one of the first one or more electrode nodes via the switch matrix.

Energy conversion systems that may employ control grid electrodes, acceleration grid electrodes, inductive elements, multi-stage anodes, and emissive carbon coatings on the cathode and anode are described. These and other characteristics may allow for advantageous thermal energy to electrical energy conversion.

Energy conversion systems that may employ control grid electrodes, acceleration grid electrodes, inductive elements, multi-stage anodes, and emissive carbon coatings on the cathode and anode are described. These and other characteristics may allow for advantageous thermal energy to electrical energy conversion.